Ecological Approaches to Urban Migration of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

Abstract

With the approach of the second water storage of the Three Gorges Project, urban migration has become a great concern. However, being influenced by economical, social or other factors, ecological problems have apparently become pressing. All these problems are exerting great impact upon the speed and quality of new city's or town's construction. By means of ecology, urban ecology, landscape ecology, human settlement science as well as the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the ecological problems in urban migration, and the corresponding approaches in order to promote ecological environment construction of new cities and give an impetus to sustainable development of the whole human settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.     

Impact on Mountainous Agricultural Development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area forced by Migrants of the Three Gorges Project

Abstract

The Three Gorges Project attracts worldwide attention because of the Three Gorges migrants, and the agriculture of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a foundation for the development of the Three Gorges migrants. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is situated at the mountainous area with bad agricultural development conditions and relatively low levels of development. As a result, the large-scale migration has special influence on its agricultural development, which has attracted much attention. The paper analyzes influence that the migrants have forced on its agricultural development based on the scientific data, and makes some explorations on the models that are suitable for the development of mountainous agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area     

三峡库区支流浮游植物群落稳定性及其驱动因子分析

浮游植物群落稳定性变化不仅带来一系列水体生态环境变化,而且也影响了水体生态系统的服务功能.为了揭示库区水体浮游植物群落稳定性变化,分别于春季、夏季、秋季和冬季对三峡库区支流花溪河的11个样点进行浮游植物采集,并对资源利用效率（RUE_PP）、物种丰富度（S）、物种均匀度（J）和群落更替值（BC）进行研究.结果表明,花溪河全年共检测出藻类8门103属380种,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季分别采集到264、181、197和183种,绿藻种类最多,其次是硅藻、裸藻和蓝藻;S0样点物种数量和细胞密度最小,S2样点物种数量和细胞密度最大;夏季RUE_PP最大,秋季RUE_PP最小;BC与RUE_PP、物种均匀度、总磷（TP）、正磷酸盐（PO₄^3--P）、总氮（TN）、硝氮（NO₃^--N）、高锰酸盐指数和电导率（Spc）呈显著负相关,而与物种丰富度和溶氧（DO）呈显著正相关系,表明蓄水对花溪河浮游植物群落结构具有显著的影响,导致浮游植物群落不稳定,易发生更替,其更替程度受生物因子和非生物因子共同作用.     

Diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir北大核心CSCD

The diversity and community composition of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir in Pingtan island, Fujian Province, were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods combined with the construction of clone libraries. The diversity of PAOs in summer samples was significantly higher than that in winter. The dominant terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) of PAOs were in the range of 200 to 300 bp in summer, while they were in the range of 150 to 200 bp in winter. Cloning sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the main phyla of PAOs in the sediment of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. Anaeromyxobacter, Azospirillum, Microlunatus phosphovorus, and Burkholderia were the dominant genera in the summer samples. Anaeromyxobacter, Methylobacterium, Solibacter, Azospirillum, and Microlunatus phosphovorus were the dominant genera in sediment samples in winter. The results of this study demonstrated that the diversity and community composition of PAOs in the sediments of the Sanshiliujiao Lake reservoir had specific seasonal characteristics. Various forms of phosphorus also showed their influence on the diversity of PAOs, especially Fe/Al-P. Our findings lays a scientific foundation for the future disclosure of microbial mechanisms involved in the phosphorus metabolic cycle in the sediments of reservoirs. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

三峡水库蓄水初期水生态环境特征分析

以2003年10月和2004年4月的两次现场调查数据为基础,分析三峡水库蓄水初期的水生态环境特征。结果表明,蓄水初期水库水体交换能力减弱,水库有机污染甚微,但水体TN、TP浓度偏高,水库整体处于中营养状态;根据水生态环境特征的差异性,水库水域可划分为3种类型区,即坝前水域、库区干流水域以及库区支流洄水河段。对主要影响因素进行分析,发现流速、营养盐含量及水温是影响水生态环境特征的主要因素,而由于各类型区的TP、TN等营养盐含量均较高,水温及流速已成为三峡水库水生态环境特征的控制性因子。探讨3类不同水域的富营养化敏感性,表明坝前水域及库区支流洄水河段是库区未来富营养化的敏感水域。     

Simulated Limnological Effects of the Shasta Lake Temperature Control Device

We estimated the effects of a temperature control device (TCD) on a suite of thermodynamic and limnological attributes for a large storage reservoir, Shasta Lake, in northern California. Shasta Dam was constructed in 1945 with a fixed-elevation penstock. The TCD was installed in 1997 to improve downstream temperatures for endangered salmonids by releasing epilimnetic waters in the winter/spring and hypolimnetic waters in the summer/fall. We calibrated a two-dimensional hydrodynamic reservoir water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, and applied a structured design-of-experiment simulation procedure to predict the principal limnological effects of the TCD under a variety of environmental scenarios. Calibration goodness-of-fit ranged from good to poor depending on the constituent simulated, with an R ² of 0.9 for water temperature but 0.3 for phytoplankton. Although the chemical and thermal characteristics of the discharge changed markedly, the reservoir's characteristics remained relatively unchanged. Simulations showed the TCD causing an earlier onset and shorter duration of summer stratification, but no dramatic affect on Shasta's nutrient composition. Peak in-reservoir phytoplankton production may begin earlier and be stronger in the fall with the TCD, while outfall phytoplankton concentrations may be much greater in the spring. Many model predictions differed from our a priori expectations that had been shaped by an intensive, but limited-duration, data collection effort. Hydrologic and meteorological variables, most notably reservoir carryover storage at the beginning of the calendar year, influenced model predictions much more strongly than the TCD. Model results indicate that greater control over reservoir limnology and release quality may be gained by carefully managing reservoir volume through the year than with the TCD alone. RID=" ID=" Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: John_Bartholow@USGS.gov     

红吉水库诱发地震分析研究

在国内外水库诱震研究成果的基础上,结合红吉水库地震、天然应力场状态、地震活动性和水库运行条件等实际资料,采用概率统计法和模糊评判法,初步判定红吉水库具有小概率的诱发地震危险性,库区附近的北北东向和北北西向断裂是可能的发震位置,最大可能诱发的地震震级为4级.     

Modeling Hydrology in a Small Rocky Mountain Watershed Serving Large Urban Populations1

Abstract: This article describes the development of a calibrated hydrologic model for the Blue River watershed (867 km²) in Summit County, Colorado. This watershed provides drinking water to over a third of Colorado’s population. However, more research on model calibration and development for small mountain watersheds is needed. This work required integration of subsurface and surface hydrology using GIS data, and included aspects unique to mountain watersheds such as snow hydrology, high ground‐water gradients, and large differences in climate between the headwaters and outlet. Given the importance of this particular watershed as a major urban drinking‐water source, the rapid development occurring in small mountain watersheds, and the importance of Rocky Mountain water in the arid and semiarid West, it is useful to describe calibrated watershed modeling efforts in this watershed. The model used was Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). An accurate model of the hydrologic cycle required incorporation of mountain hydrology‐specific processes. Snowmelt and snow formation parameters, as well as several ground‐water parameters, were the most important calibration factors. Comparison of simulated and observed streamflow hydrographs at two U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations resulted in good fits to average monthly values (0.71 Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient). With this capability, future assessments of point‐source and nonpoint‐source pollutant transport are possible.     

长江三峡重庆库区城镇化与生态协调性评析

长江三峡成库后，库区生态环境更加脆弱，产业空心化日益突显。随着库区移民投资的逐渐减少，库区城镇化动力已显不足。分析了库区城镇化发展与生态建设间存在的主要问题，以ARCGIS9软件为工作平台，应用多级加权求和综合评价模型进行了城镇化和生态环境的协同度评价，并以评价值为基础将研究区划分为低级——较协调、初级——较失调、中级——失调、准发展——微协调、发展——较协调5个阶段，针对各阶段提出了城镇化和生态的发展调控方向。     

An Integrated Approach to Reservoir Management: The Williston Reservoir Case Study

/ The management of industrial reservoirs for hydroelectric energy can cause severe impacts to surrounding communities. This study examines the generation of dust along the northern foreshore zones of Williston Reservoir in northern British Columbia. The dust is generated in the spring when the reservoir levels are low and impacts a relocated First Nations' village (Tsay Keh) at the north end of the reservoir. Data were gathered to provide an overview of the physical conditions that contribute to the dust problem, including a social survey, soil analysis, and vegetation inventory. The study provides a scoping method to assess a large-scale and complex problem with respect to dust management along a large reservoir. Methods for dust control include short- and long-term solutions that integrate the use of native vegetation along the foreshore zones of the reservoir.