汽车NVH测试评价方法

本文针对汽车NVH测试评价,分别从汽车NVH关注点、评价要求和条件做了介绍,并就汽车车内噪声、动力总成悬置隔振和支架共振频率、悬挂隔振特性等方面进行了较详细的实例评价.     

基于模糊综合评判模型的污水管道缺陷定量化评价方法

利用模糊综合评判模型,从污水管道的密封性、稳定性和功能性三方面分别考虑不同缺陷类型的影响,利用层次分析法确定权重,建立定量化的污水管道缺陷状况评价方法模型.对南方某市一段污水管道进行评判,得到污水管道缺陷综合评价指数H=1.09,其中密封性指数Ht=0.44,稳定性指数Hs=0.78,功能性指数Hf=1.79,判定结果...     

江苏油田生活污水生物处理技术述评

简介了生物处理生活污水的技术，对几种主要生物处理法进行了综合评价，并结合江苏油田生活污水生物处理的实践，综合分析了活性污泥法、生物转盘法、接触氧化法等三种主要生物处理技术，初步提出了中小规模生活污水处理场的设计标准，可供油田生活基地中小规模生活污水处理场设计时参考。     

A PROCESS FOR FEDERAL WATER PLANNING AT THE FIELD LEVEL1

ABSTRACT: A process for planning at the field offices of Federal water resources agencies is described. The process involve s both planners and publics in the following four planning activities: problem definition, formulation of alternatives, impact analysis and evaluation (or plan ranking). Evaluative factors are defied as the goals, concerns, constraints, etc. that affected publics and other decision makers consider in ranking alternative actions. These factors serve to drive the entire process and glue the four planning activities together. In contrast to other “models” of the planning process, the four activities are considered to be carried out simultaneously and continually from the beginning of the process. As the planning process proceeds, each activity is repeated a number of times at increasing levels of detail. Various aspects of the process are illustrated by means of an example involving water resources development in Carmel Valley, California.     

我国海洋经济高质量发展指标体系构建及时空分析——基于海洋强国战略背景

通过对海洋强国战略背景下我国海洋经济高质量发展内涵的分析,构建评价指标体系,运用全局熵权法对2013—2019年沿海11省份指标数据进行研究。结果发现:①时间上,我国沿海省份海洋经济发展质量整体呈上升趋势,广东、上海稳定处于高水平梯度,河北、广西、海南持续处于低水平,辽宁、福建、天津略有变动。②空间上,从海洋经济平均发展质量看,长三角位列第一;但在增长率方面珠三角高于长三角,第三是环渤海海洋经济区。③影响因素上,环境保护力度、科技创新能力、对外开放规模,海洋新兴产业等有待提高和发展。最后针对我国海洋经济高质量发展,提出相应建议。     

科技园区高质量发展评价、驱动机理及路径研究

科技园区高质量发展是地区经济高质量发展的基础,厘清科技园区高质量发展影响因素及驱动机理有利于其优化发展路径与政策体系。首先,在文献分析的基础上构建专利授权数、R&D经费支出、人均工业增加值、固体废弃物综合利用率等15个高质量发展测度指标,应用主成分分析法分析得出科技园区高质量发展的内在因素包括创新驱动发展水平、数字设施建设水平、资源配置水平和绿色发展水平,并应用因子分析法对科技园区高质量发展进行综合评价。其次,通过归纳推理得出工业互联网价值共创、产业链整合、资源协同等是科技园区高质量发展的内在驱动机理。最后,提出加强数字基础设施建设、构建工业互联网平台生态、完善园区治理结构等实现科技园区高质量发展的路径建议。     

Translating habitat class to land cover to map area of habitat of terrestrial vertebrates

Area of habitat (AOH) is defined as the “habitat available to a species, that is, habitat within its range” and is calculated by subtracting areas of unsuitable land cover and elevation from the range. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Habitats Classification Scheme provides information on species habitat associations, and typically unvalidated expert opinion is used to match habitat to land-cover classes, which generates a source of uncertainty in AOH maps. We developed a data-driven method to translate IUCN habitat classes to land cover based on point locality data for 6986 species of terrestrial mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. We extracted the land-cover class at each point locality and matched it to the IUCN habitat class or classes assigned to each species occurring there. Then, we modeled each land-cover class as a function of IUCN habitat with (SSG, using) logistic regression models. The resulting odds ratios were used to assess the strength of the association between each habitat and land-cover class. We then compared the performance of our data-driven model with those from a published translation table based on expert knowledge. We calculated the association between habitat classes and land-cover classes as a continuous variable, but to map AOH as binary presence or absence, it was necessary to apply a threshold of association. This threshold can be chosen by the user according to the required balance between omission and commission errors. Some habitats (e.g., forest and desert) were assigned to land-cover classes with more confidence than others (e.g., wetlands and artificial). The data-driven translation model and expert knowledge performed equally well, but the model provided greater standardization, objectivity, and repeatability. Furthermore, our approach allowed greater flexibility in the use of the results and uncertainty to be quantified. Our model can be modified for regional examinations and different taxonomic groups.     

污染场地风险管控可持续评价指标体系构建及关键影响因素分析

以可持续发展理论和风险管理理念为基本原则的污染场地可持续风险管控已成为当前国际社会场地管理的重要决策问题和研究前沿热点,为明确影响污染场地风险管控可持续发展能力的决定性因素,基于国内外污染场地可持续风险管控相关文献的系统调研,构建契合我国场地管理背景的区域污染场地风险管控可持续评价体系,通过指标综合权重计算判定影响风险管控可持续发展能力的关键因子.结果表明,区域尺度上可能影响我国污染场地风险管控可持续性的指标多达44个,涵盖环境、社会、经济和技术这4个维度,单指标影响程度为0.26%～5.01%(平均值2.27%).潜在风险和温室气体排放(环境指标)、健康与安全和公众参与(社会指标)、管控成本和环保投资(经济指标)、修复周期和修复效果(技术指标)是影响我国污染场地风险管控可持续发展的重要因子,影响程度为1.89%～5.01%(平均值3.58%).具有较强政策敏感性的指标,包括考核指标、投融资创新、名录管理、能力建设、安全利用和制度建设等,对风险管控可持续性已经产生1.18%～3.48%的正向影响,随着政策制度的深入落实与全面地域推广,其对风险管控可持续发展的助力效应将更加明显.     

基于粗糙集理想解高陡边坡稳定性模糊评价*

为评价山区公路沿线高陡边坡稳定性,保障道路行车安全,基于代数表示的粗糙集理论和条件信息熵表示的粗糙集理论,结合理想解的思想重新定义各属性重要度的确定方式,提出新的适用于山区高陡边坡的权重确定方法,并建立高陡边坡稳定性评价体系,基于模糊理论以某高速公路高陡边坡工程为研究背景,建立山区高陡边坡模糊稳定性评价模型,对边坡稳定性进行评价。研究结果表明:隶属度最大值为0.397,对应边坡稳定状态为“极不稳定”,与实际情况基本一致,验证该权重方法客观、准确,为更好评判山区公路沿线高陡边坡稳定性提出新的方法。     

面向设计的地铁车站防火安全韧性评价*

为提升地铁车站防火安全韧性,以设计方案为切入视角,基于防火安全韧性的吸收、抵抗、恢复和适应能力4个维度,构建基于ANP-熵权法面向设计的地铁防火安全韧性评价指标体系,运用逼近理想解法建立地铁车站防火安全韧性设计评价模型,通过3个已建地铁车站（青岛、沈阳、福州某地铁车站）的设计案例验证该模型的有效性和可行性。研究结果表明:3个应用案例中,沈阳某地铁车站设计防火安全韧性最高,福州某地铁车站设计防火安全韧性最低,需进一步提升防火安全能力。评价结果与各案例的实际运行阶段基本吻合,研究思路和结果对改善地铁车站的防火安全设计具有一定参考意义。