Fate and transport of phenol in a packed bed reactor containing simulated solid waste

An assessment of the risk to human health and the environment associated with the presence of organic contaminants (OCs) in landfills necessitates reliable predictive models. The overall objectives of this study were to (1) conduct column experiments to measure the fate and transport of an OC in a simulated solid waste mixture, (2) compare the results of column experiments to model predictions using HYDRUS-1D (version 4.13), a contaminant fate and transport model that can be parameterized to simulate the laboratory experimental system, and (3) determine model input parameters from independently conducted batch experiments. Experiments were conducted in which sorption only and sorption plus biodegradation influenced OC transport. HYDRUS-1D can reasonably simulate the fate and transport of phenol in an anaerobic and fully saturated waste column in which biodegradation and sorption are the prevailing fate processes. The agreement between model predictions and column data was imperfect (i.e., within a factor of two) for the sorption plus biodegradation test and the error almost certainly lies in the difficulty of measuring a biodegradation rate that is applicable to the column conditions. Nevertheless, a biodegradation rate estimate that is within a factor of two or even five may be adequate in the context of a landfill, given the extended retention time and the fact that leachate release will be controlled by the infiltration rate which can be minimized by engineering controls.     

矿业密集区地表热环境时空异质性驱动机理

基于Landsat遥感影像热红外波段数据,利用大气校正法反演地表水热因子中的地表温度值,基于Landsat遥感影像可见光波段,从生物地球物理效应角度提取下垫面地表扰动类型和4个生物物理参数(光合植被覆盖度,Fractional Cover of Photosynthetic VegetationfPV;土壤湿度监测指数...     

中国西南地区矿业活动与环境保护

中国西南地区矿产资源丰富,矿业已成为地区经济发展的支柱产业。由于人为和自然多种因素影响,矿业活动引起环境污染、资源破坏和地质灾害等一系列矿山环境地质问题,制约了西南地区人口、资源、环境协调发展。文章在论述西南地区矿产资源开发利用概况和矿山环境地质问题及其危害基础上,分析了矿山环境保护现状,指出西南地区矿山地质环境恢复治理率总体很低,需加大治理力度,并提出了下一步的恢复治理措施。     

极近距离煤层联合开采工作面合理错距研究

基于山西灵石某矿极近距离煤层联合开采过程中存在的安全和技术问题,采用FLAC3D数值模拟研究方法,分析了上、下煤层联合开采工作面不同错距下上工作面覆岩应力传递规律,并结合现场工程实践,得出上下工作面联合开采的合理错距。结果表明:上下工作面错距为20 m时上工作面煤壁前方垂直应力较大,应力集中系数为2.12;将上下工作面布置在26~35 m范围是保证安全开采条件下比较合理的错距,通过分析现场上工作面单体支柱压力数据,压力值普遍低于35 MPa,进一步论证了该错距范围的合理性。     

中国煤矿企业应急管理研究回溯与前瞻——基于CiteSpace知识图谱的文献计量分析

我国煤矿事故多发,经济损失严重,如何科学地从煤矿企业应急管理体系、应急管理能力等方面进行深入研究对煤矿企业的安全生产具有重要意义。截至2017年12月20日,以中国知网（CNKI）的期刊库、硕博论文数据库和会议数据库中发表的煤矿企业应急管理方面的352篇论文作为数据来源,使用CiteSpace工具进行高产机构分析、作者分布特征分析和关键词分析,展现中国煤矿企业应急管理研究的空间分布特征、研究热点,并追踪前沿研究问题。研究结果表明:煤矿应急管理研究领域,研究机构和学者的分布呈现多样化发展趋势;而相关的研究热点主题呈多元化,主要体现在煤矿企业应急预案、煤矿企业应急管理存在问题、煤矿企业应急管理解决对策、煤矿企业应急管理能力、煤矿企业应急救援系统及煤矿企业应急管理体系研究等6个方面;结合煤矿企业应急管理的实际需求和研究现状,煤矿安全应急协同机制和能力、员工行为层面的煤矿企业应急管理策略以及煤矿企业应急物流能力等方面研究将是未来趋势。     

阳新县银山矿区土壤重金属污染特征与健康风险评价

为研究典型铅锌矿区土壤重金属的污染状况,分别采集108个农田土壤和48个不同深度建设用地的土壤样品,进行重金属测定分析。农用地所有监测点位土壤重金属含量出现不同程度超标,主要超筛选值污染物为Cd,As,Pb,Zn和Cu;其中Cd和As污染面积最大,基本覆盖整个研究地区。建设用地土壤中超筛选值污染物为Cd,As和Pb;随土壤深度增加,3种重金属含量呈下降趋势;3种污染物在垂直方向的最大污染深度可达11 m。对于农用地土壤,元素As在经口摄入途径对成人存在可接受致癌风险、对儿童存在不可接受的致癌风险;在呼吸摄入和皮肤接触途径对儿童存在可接受致癌风险。Cd在经口摄入途径中对成人和儿童存在可接受致癌风险,在皮肤接触途径对儿童存在可接受致癌风险。对于建设用地的土壤,As元素在经口摄入途径对成人存在可接受的致癌风险、对儿童存在不可接受的致癌风险;在呼吸摄入和皮肤接触途径对儿童存在可接受致癌风险。Cd元素在经口摄入途径对成人存在可接受的致癌风险,在经口摄入和皮肤接触途径对儿童存在不可接受的致癌风险。     

基于文本挖掘的管制运行风险主题分析*

为充分挖掘管制运行风险信息和隐藏规律,实现数据驱动的风险管理。以某管制单位2004—2019年共269条管制原因不安全事件数据为挖掘语料,在考虑上下文语义的基础上,运用潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）主题模型挖掘管制运行风险主题及关键词,使用Word2Vec挖掘主题之间、关键词之间的关联关系,运用社会网络分析软件UCINET、可视化工具NETDRAW构建语义网络将关联关系进行可视化并进行网络分析。结果表明:LDA主题模型可以通过运行数据实现对管制运行风险的高效提取和深层挖掘,挖掘到管制人为因素、特情处置、地空配合、班组资源管理、组织管理、运行环境、管制指挥共7个主题,其中管制人为因素主题是核心主题,与其他主题都具有较强的相互关联;Word2Vec和语义网络相结合能够更准确地挖掘风险之间的关系,确定主题的重要度排序,识别关键风险。     

海基硬岩矿床的安全开采技术研究

给出海基硬岩矿床开采的概念,分析海基硬岩矿床开采与一般陆地矿床开采的不同之处;综述世界范围内海基硬岩矿床开采所使用的开拓方法与采矿方法,通过对海基矿床上覆岩层的完整性掌握、矿床埋深、防水岩柱厚度的分析研究了海基硬岩矿床开采的可行性。结合我国三山岛海底金矿的开采经验,研究开采过程中的工程灾害及灾害的产生机理;提出要通过加强海底矿床上覆岩层的地质勘察、合理留设防水岩柱、加强岩层移动监控、渗水点的定时监测、作好充填接顶等措施来防止海水溃井,同时也对井内防治水害、长距离矿井通风等问题给出了治理措施。     

Coal mining and the resource community cycle: A longitudinal assessment of the social impacts of the Coppabella coal mine

Two social impact assessment (SIA) studies of Central Queensland's Coppabella coal mine were undertaken in 2002–2003 and 2006–2007. As ex post studies of actual change, these provide a reference point for predictive assessments of proposed resource extraction projects at other sites, while the longitudinal element added by the second study illustrates how impacts associated with one mine may vary over time due to changing economic and social conditions. It was found that the traditional coupling of local economic vitality and community development to the life cycle of resource projects—the resource community cycle—was mediated by labour recruitment and social infrastructure policies that reduced the emphasis on localised employment and investment strategies, and by the cumulative impacts of multiple mining projects within relative proximity to each other. The resource community cycle was accelerated and local communities forced to consider ways of attracting secondary investment and/or alternative industries early in the operational life of the Coppabella mine in order to secure significant economic benefits and to guard against the erosion of social capital and the ability to cope with future downturns in the mining sector.     

Monitoring Inter-Annual Variability Reveals Sources of Mercury Contamination in Clear Lake, California

Mercury (Hg) in the aquatic ecosystem of Clear Lake has been documented since the 1970s when fishes were found to have elevated levels of toxic methyl mercury (meHg). Mining practices at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine (active intermittently from 1872–1957) along the shoreline of Clear Lake included the bulldozing of waste rock and overburden ore into the shallow nearshore regions of the lake and the creation of steeply sloped piles of waste rock at the water's edge. This process, plus erosion of the waste rock piles, resulted in the accumulation of an estimated 100 metric tons of Hg in Clear Lake. A monitoring program to assess Hg in Clear Lake was established in 1992, and conducted continuously from 1994. Drought conditions in California had persisted for ca. 6 yrs prior to 1992, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) remediated the steeply sloped eroding waste rock piles, which appeared to reduce sediment Hg concentrations significantly. In April 1995, a white flocculent material was observed in Clear Lake adjacent to the mine and has been observed every year since, leading to the discovery of ongoing acid mine drainage (AMD), low pH fluids high in Hg and extremely high in sulfate. AMD is now believed to be the most likely cause of elevated meHg in Clear Lake. The discovery of this source of meHg production in Clear Lake, which will significantly influence remedial options, was only made possible by implementation of a diligent monitoring program.