菌株NKS-3对溴氨酸脱色特性探讨

从受溴氨酸污染地筛选出菌株ＮＫＳ－ ３ ,它对溴氨酸有脱色作用。菌株生长随碳源浓度增加而旺盛,溴氨酸能刺激菌株生长。溴氨酸浓度即使达到１０００ ｍｇ／Ｌ 也能被菌株基本脱色。研究发现,盐度抑制菌生长,在含盐培养液中溴氨酸的脱色过程被抑制     

哑铃湾网箱养殖水体中N、P的形态特征及其季节变化调控机制

2002年4月～2003年1月四个季度,对哑铃湾典型网箱养殖区N、P几种形态含量进行了实地调查和分析。结果表明,在该养殖区,N、P的存在形态都以溶解态为主,各种形态的季节变化都受网箱养殖活动和浮游植物的生长状况综合调控;在该海域,从N/P值的角度来看,P是比较缺乏的,但是从浮游植物可利用的角度来看,无机磷却相对过剩。     

南昌典型园林树种燃烧性实验研究

选择南昌西郊和北郊12个园林树种不同器官理化性状测定分析和燃烧试验,根据各树种的含水率、燃点、热值、粗灰分、粗脂肪、木质素、粗纤维、燃烧时间、火烧强度和生物生态学特性等10个因子,应用DPS聚类分析法,对12个园林树种的燃烧性进行了排序,结果表明,难燃树种有5个,依次是：乐昌含笑、珊瑚树、大叶黄杨、白玉兰和海桐;较难燃树种有4个,依次是：女贞、山茶、夹竹桃和含笑;易燃树种有3个,依次是：桂花、巴东木连和红花檵木。为南方防火林带的建设提供了目前公认以外的防火树种。     

基于星地同步观测的华北平原中部背景地区冬季霾污染过程

利用地基观测结果和多源卫星遥感观测,结合气象数据及HYSPLIT4后向轨迹模式,对华北平原中部背景地区(河南省郑州市中牟县东南郊)冬季霾事件的污染物特征和形成过程进行分析.综合观测时间为2014年12月13日~2015年1月16日,共有5次霾过程,占观测总天数的82%.地面监测结果显示,不同的污染过程污染物浓度变化曲线相似,O₃浓度在清洁天浓度较高;NO_x、SO₂、PM₁₀、PM_2.5呈较强正相关性,NO_x、SO₂与 PM₁₀相关系数0.64、0.57,与PM_2.5相关系数0.56、0.45;近地面污染物以细粒子污染物为主,其中又以气态污染物二次生成的细粒子为主.AMPLE地基激光雷达和CALIPSO数据表明,华北平原霾层中上部受浮尘影响,以粗粒子污染物为主.气象探空数据表明该地区冬季大气对流层稳定利于霾的维持,假相当位温垂直差、K指数、露点差与能见度相关系数分别为0.52、0.56和 0.38.分析近地面风速风向对霾过程的影响表明,该地区冬季以南方向静小风为主,风速与能见度相关系数为0.32 ,PM₁受东北方向污染源影响,PM_1~2.5及PM_2.5~10受西北方向污染源影响;结合高空风场分析,霾过程1受西北浮尘影响,霾过程5受南来水汽影响.通过后向轨迹分析,该地区冬季的低空污染传输主要来自东北和西北方向,其中东北方向区域传输来自河北与山东,占来源比例的14%,近距离污染传输主要来自站点以西的郑州、洛阳,约占来源比例的33%.     

珠江八大入海口表层沉积物中DDTs和HCHs残留调查

于2010年8月-2011年5月4次采集珠江八大人海口表层沉积物,采用气相色谱-电子捕获（GC—ECD）法分析沉积物中DDTs（p,P’-DDE、P,P’-DDD、0,P’-DDT、P,P-DDT）和HCHs（α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH）的污染现状。结果显示,珠江8大人海口表层沉积物中DDTs总含量介于1．02—3．08μg·kg-1之间（以干质量计,下同）,平均值为1．91μg·kg-1;HCHs总含量介于0．21—0．41μg·kg-1之间,平均值为0．31μg·kg-1。DDTs平均含量大于HCHs,其中P,P。DDT对污染的贡献最大,含量范围为ND～7．66μg·kg-1,平均值为2．12μg·kg-1。大部分样点伽（α-HCH）／w（γ-HCH）比值小于3,说明研究区α-HCH大都被降解,或者林丹正取代工业HCHs成为珠江口水环境中HCHs输入的主要来源;甜（DDT）／w（DDD＋DDE）比值大于2,表明沉积物中除早期农药残留外,仍然有新的DDTs类农药输入。     

一株中度嗜盐菌的分离及生物学特性

从我国内蒙古吉兰泰盐湖的样品中分离得到一株中度嗜盐细菌菌株JLT-01,研究了其形态和特性.结果显示:该菌株为杆状,革兰氏阴性,无芽孢,无荚膜,无鞭毛;最适培养温度为30℃,最适生长pH值7.5,最适生长盐度10%~12%(m/V),最适生长Mg2+浓度3.0%(m/V);能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、半乳糖作为唯一碳源生长.脂肪酸成分分析表明在JLT-01中主要脂肪酸为C16:0与C18:1ω9c,含量分别为26.39%和20.30%.Tm法测定该菌的(G+C)含量(摩尔分数)为52.3%.以该菌的16S rRNA基因序列为基础构建了系统发育树;16S rRNA基因序列的序列同源性比对表明该菌与海杆菌属Marinobacter lipolyticus SM19T的同源性为98.0%,与Marinobacter属内其它菌株的同源性在96.0%~99.0%之间.DNA-DNA杂交实验分析显示:JLT-01与M.lipolyticus DSM15157的杂交率小于70%.结果表明,菌株JLT-01是海杆菌属的一个新菌株.     

珍贵树种土沉香生长环境的土壤特性与营养特性分析

对我国野生土沉香4个主要分布区的土壤特性及自身营养特性进行了分析研究。结果表明,不同分布区的同一土层的土壤物理性质有明显的差异（P〈0.05）。海南临高分布区各层土壤容重最小,总空隙度、自然含水量毛管持水量比较高;海南屯昌分布区各层的土壤容重最大,总空隙度较低;广东东莞分布区与广东陆河分布区各层土壤松紧度比较适宜,透水性,通气性,持水能力比较协调。各分布区土壤均呈酸性,其有机质含量和营养元素含量偏低。土壤有效Mn、有效B均处于较低水平,有效Fe的含量均高于临界值;海南屯昌分布区土壤中有效Cu的含量极低,其余3分布区则均高于临界值;除海南临高分布区有效Zn的含量高于临界值,其他3个分布区均低于临界值;海南屯昌分布区土壤有效S含量稍低于临界值,为中等水平,广东陆河分布区高于临界值处于较高水平,广东东莞分布区为临界值的2.76倍,而海南临高分布区则高达临界值的7.31倍,均处于极高水平。野生土沉香叶片各营养元素之间的相关性总体不明显。     

石灰稳定化污泥恶臭物质释放特征研究

利用污泥-石灰高效混合器制备5%、10%、15%石灰添加量的稳定化污泥,应用Jerome 631-X型便携式硫化氢测定仪、静态吸收等试验方法,分别研究了不同石灰添加比例下污泥还原性硫化物(RSCs)和氨(NH3)的释放特征,并对臭度进行了评价.结果表明:污泥中添加石灰后,RSCs体现出缓释特征;石灰稳定化污泥RSCs的释放量下降明显,连续监测380min后,石灰稳定化污泥处理的RSCs产生量相比等质量原泥处理降低了约85%;恒温培养24h,石灰稳定化污泥的NH3释放量(5.03×10-4mol)相比等质量原泥处理(7.00×10-6mol)提高了约72倍,明显促进了污泥氮向氨气的转化和释放.向污泥中添加少量工业石灰,均匀混合条件下,污泥的臭味强度明显降低,基本达到了抑制恶臭的目的.     

Evaluating the ecological benefits of wildfire by integrating fire and ecosystem simulation models

Fire managers are now realizing that wildfires can be beneficial because they can reduce hazardous fuels and restore fire-dominated ecosystems. A software tool that assesses potential beneficial and detrimental ecological effects from wildfire would be helpful to fire management. This paper presents a simulation platform called FLEAT (Fire and Landscape Ecology Assessment Tool) that integrates several existing landscape- and stand-level simulation models to compute an ecologically based measure that describes if a wildfire is moving the burning landscape towards or away from the historical range and variation of vegetation composition. FLEAT uses a fire effects model to simulate fire severity, which is then used to predict vegetation development for 1, 10, and 100 years into the future using a landscape simulation model. The landscape is then simulated for 5000 years using parameters derived from historical data to create an historical time series that is compared to the predicted landscape composition at year 1, 10, and 100 to compute a metric that describes their similarity to the simulated historical conditions. This tool is designed to be used in operational wildfire management using the LANDFIRE spatial database so that fire managers can decide how aggressively to suppress wildfires. Validation of fire severity predictions using field data from six wildfires revealed that while accuracy is moderate (30-60%), it is mostly dictated by the quality of GIS layers input to FLEAT. Predicted 1-year landscape compositions were only 8% accurate but this was because the LANDFIRE mapped pre-fire composition accuracy was low (21%). This platform can be integrated into current readily available software products to produce an operational tool for balancing benefits of wildfire with potential dangers.     

Continuous versus binary representations of landscape heterogeneity in spatially-explicit models of mobile populations

How a landscape is represented is an important structural assumption in spatially-explicit simulation models. Simple models tend to specify just habitat and non-habitat (binary), while more complex models may use multiple levels or a continuum of habitat quality (continuous). How these different representations influence model projections is unclear. To assess the influence of landscape representation on population models, I developed a general, individual-based model with local dispersal and examined population persistence across binary and continuous landscapes varying in the amount and fragmentation of habitat. In binary and continuous landscapes habitat and non-habitat were assigned a unique mean suitability. In continuous landscapes, suitability of each individual site was then drawn from a normal distribution with fixed variance. Populations went extinct less often and abundances were higher in continuous landscapes. Production in habitat and non-habitat was higher in continuous landscapes, because the range of habitat suitability sampled by randomly dispersing individuals was higher than the overall mean habitat suitability. Increasing mortality, dispersal distance, and spatial heterogeneity all increased the discrepancy between continuous and binary landscapes. The effect of spatial structure on the probability of extinction was greater in binary landscapes. These results show that, under certain circumstances, model projections are influenced by how variation in suitability within a landscape is represented. Care should be taken to assess how a given species actually perceives the landscape when conducting population viability analyses or empirical validation of theory.