生态学视野下的研究生教育沟通系统建构

在以导师指导下的自主学习为主要特点的研究生教育阶段,沟通显得尤为重要,通过沟通不断调整策略和目标是实现教育共识的基石,但在现实中,研究生与导师的沟通活动常常难以有效进行。从生态学的视角研究建构研究生教育沟通系统,分析影响沟通系统平衡的各个要素及其协调平衡的方法,可以有效促成目标的实现。     

东湖生态学研究慨况

以长江中下游流域具代表性的武汉东湖为基地对其生态学进行了长期的观测和系统研究．详细地阐述了氮、磷在水体中分布、转移及积累,浮游植物的演替,浮游植物初级生产力及其对鱼产潜力的估算,浮游动物现存量和生产量,有机碎屑在生态系统中的功能和鱼类放养对生态系统的下行效应等     

西藏“一江两河”中部流域农业生态环境及其保护途径

西藏“一江两河”中部流域地区是藏民族文化的发祥地,腹心地区。区内独特的生态环境、奇异的自然风光、丰富的自然资源,２１世纪将进入一个新的发展时期。但也存在诸多的生态环境等问题。本文从环境保护的角度出发,提出建设相对稳定人工生态系统,实现可持续发展的途径。      

库布齐沙漠典型地区景观变化研究

Spatial pattern analysis is the core component in landscape ecology research. We analyzed the landscape pattern and dynamic process of the Kubuqi Desert by using a typical region as a study area. This study area includes four towns: ShuLinZhao, WangAiZhao, BaiNiJing and JiGeSiTai. The area of cropland, fixed sand dune, woodland, residential area and wetland increased and centralized gradually, while the area of semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and washland decreased and dispersed gradually from 1987 to 2003. On the landscape level, the patch shape tended to be regular, and the landscape pattern tended to be simple, causing the fragmentation degree, heterogeneity and diversity of the landscape to decrease. Fixed sand dune, Semi-fixed sand dune, drifting sand dune, meadow and river flood plains were the five main export classes, and residential area, cropland and wetland were the three main import classes. The classes that had a relatively large total area and large average patch area had a smaller extent of gravity center migration, whereas the classes with small total area and small average patch area had a larger extent of gravity center migration; this is because the small patches are easily influenced by human activities or natural factors. In addition, the desertification area and desertification degree reduced gradually in the study area during the period from 1987 to 2003.     

南昌典型园林树种燃烧性实验研究

选择南昌西郊和北郊12个园林树种不同器官理化性状测定分析和燃烧试验,根据各树种的含水率、燃点、热值、粗灰分、粗脂肪、木质素、粗纤维、燃烧时间、火烧强度和生物生态学特性等10个因子,应用DPS聚类分析法,对12个园林树种的燃烧性进行了排序,结果表明,难燃树种有5个,依次是：乐昌含笑、珊瑚树、大叶黄杨、白玉兰和海桐;较难燃树种有4个,依次是：女贞、山茶、夹竹桃和含笑;易燃树种有3个,依次是：桂花、巴东木连和红花檵木。为南方防火林带的建设提供了目前公认以外的防火树种。     

碳交易背景下中国华北地区碳代谢格局变化

碳排放权交易市场作为推进美丽中国建设、实现降碳减污绿色发展的重要手段,成为当前研究的热点问题.为探究碳交易背景下华北地区试点区域及非试点区域碳代谢过程,以城市碳代谢理论为依据,采取投入产出分析和生态网络分析相结合的研究方法.结果表明,北京和天津作为早期交易试点区域,区域从2012年后呈现直接碳排放量稳步下降、隐含碳排放量缓慢增加趋势.试点产业部门直接排放量与隐含排放量变化趋势一致,其中煤炭开采和洗选业、石油和天然气开采业和非金属矿物制品业减排效应明显,而排放量较高的电力、热力的生产和供应业表现为增加趋势.部门隐含碳排放强度与隐含碳排放量变化趋势相似证实部门隐含增加值在交易过程中并未增加.高碳排放部门的隐含碳排放量主要由长度小于6的代谢路径所贡献,因此应重点关注部门间较短路径传递的商品或服务的“清洁化”.在交易政策实施以前,区域产业部门间跨区域贸易较少,表现为低碳排放产品交换;2012年以后,随着京津冀城市群协同发展以及华北地区不断构筑的区域经济发展新格局,促使区域间跨区域和跨部门贸易增加.以碳排放权交易制度为背景,构建识别系统内关键参与者及关键路径的方法体系,可为区域性政策实施及可持续发展提供科学的发展建议.     

Exploration of spatial morphometry and socioeconomic variables in modelling urban land use change

The incorporation of land use (LU) data with socioeconomic data is a main issue in modelling. This is as a result of difference in data model and scale. This study proposed and tested the change–pattern approach, which allows the incorporation of these data sets in modelling LU change. Focusing on LU dynamics for a selected part of the Thames Gateway within the City of London, the approach tested two different methods of input selection for the modelling operations. Variables selected from these two methods serve as inputs into several neural networks tested in order to identify the direction of change for each of the LU types within the study area. The result shows that direction of LU change across the study area could be identified when spatial morphology of the area and socioeconomic variables are considered. Some classes of change could be identified fairly accurately using landscape metrics indicating level of fragmentation, extent of LU patches, shape complexity of LU patches in combination with some socioeconomic variables.     

生态城市规划需要优先考虑的几个问题

建设生态城市是城市发展的未来方向,而生态城市规划则是生态城市建设的起点,因此在规划中需要优先考虑城市经营成本问题、人力资源转化问题、区域生态安全问题和增长空间控制问题,从而使城市的生态设计建立在理性分析的基础上。