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481.
A Multiscale Conceptual Framework for Integrated Ecogeomorphological Research to Support Stream Naturalization in the Agricultural Midwest 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The complexity of fluvial systems necessitates interdisciplinary research in fluvial geomorphology and aquatic ecology to
develop a fundamental understanding of interconnections among biotic and abiotic aspects of these systems. Integrated knowledge
of this type is vital for environmental management of streams in human-dominated environments. A conceptual framework is presented
for integrating geomorphological and ecological research on streams in East Central Illinois, USA, a glaciated low-relief
agricultural landscape. The framework embodies a multiscale perspective in which a geomorphological conception of the fluvial
system is used to define a hierarchy of characteristic spatial scales for exploring important linkages between stream geomorphology
and aquatic ecology. The focus ecologically is on fish, because a rich body of historical information exists on fisheries
in East Central Illinois and because past work has suggested that availability of physical habitat is a major factor influencing
the community characteristics of fish in this human-altered environment. The hierarchy embodied in the framework includes
the network, link, planform, bar unit, bar element, and bedform/grain scales. Background knowledge from past research is drawn
upon to identify potential linkages between geomorphological and ecological conditions at each of these scales.
The conceptual framework is useful for guiding integrated ecogeomorphological research at specific scales and across different
scales. It also is helpful for illustrating how widespread human modification of streams has catastrophically altered the
scalar structure of fluvial systems in East Central Illinois. Knowledge emerging from the integrated research provides a basis
for environmental-management schemes directed toward stream naturalization. 相似文献
482.
JoAnn M. Hanowski Peter T. Walter Gerald J. Niemi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(3):633-639
ABSTRACT: Forest buffers adjacent to water bodies are widely prescribed in forest management to protect ecological functions of riparian systems. To date, buffers have been applied on the landscape uniformly without quantifying their effectiveness or the effects they have on landscape characteristics. Our objective was to quantify landscape characteristics (amount of edge and interior forest) when buffers were applied to water bodies in a 100 by 100 km area of northern Minnesota. We used a Landsat classified image in a geographic information system platform to apply two buffer widths ?28.5 m and 57 m — to water bodies, including nonforested wetlands, intermittent or perennial streams, and lakes. A total of 107,141 ha (18.3 percent) of the forest area was adjacent to and within 28.5 m of these water bodies, while 201,457 ha of forest was within 57 m, representing 34.4 percent of the total forest area. Imposing a 28.5 m buffer on water bodies increased the amount of edge and interior forest in the study area. When water bodies were buffered with a 57 m forest strip, we found a slight increase in forest edge from the current condition, and this buffer width resulted in the largest amount of interior forest. Interior forest increased with the 57 m buffer due to the density of water bodies in this region; adjacent water bodies coalesced when buffers were applied and formed isolated forest islands that contained forest interior habitat. Instead of wholesale application of set width riparian buffers, we suggest that ecological conditions of riparian areas be evaluated on a site level and that areas that currently provide important riparian conditions be maintained on the landscape with appropriate management practices. 相似文献
483.
文章通过对青海野生大黄的生态环境、分布状况、群落特征、开发现状、存在问题的分析和论述,提出未来青海野生大黄资源开发必须遵从生态保护为先,生态、生产、经济、社会效益共同持续的原则,强化资源保护和基础技术研究,加大人工驯化裁培力度,不断满足日益增长的市场需求。 相似文献
484.
Ecological construction and restoration for sustainable development are now a driving paradigm. It is increasingly recognized that ecological principles, especially landscape ecology theory, are not only necessary but also essential to maintain the long-term sustainability worldwide. Key landscape ecology principles--element,structure and process, dynamics, heterogeneity, hierarchies, connectivity, place and time were reviewed, and use Beijing area as a case study to illustrate how these principles might be applied to ecological construction and restoration, to eventually achieve sustainability. An example to more effectively incorporate the ecological principles in sustainable planning in China was presented. 相似文献
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本研究以典型染料医药精细化工园区HSEDA为对象,从四个方面分析其近17年来产学研政合作推行清洁生产与发展循环经济的技术路径与创新实践、所取得的减污降碳绩效,以及未来展望。研究发现,HSEDA绿色低碳循环发展有四个特征:(1)突出园区精细化物质流能量流管理,自下而上理清多产品、多元素、多层级物质能量代谢结构、路径和过程,定量揭示全生命周期环境影响,设计清洁生产和循环经济靶向措施;(2)染料行业自主开发了连续硝化、催化加氢、重氮化,高效分离、传热传质偶合等清洁技术,提效减排绩效显著;(3)医药行业开发了维生素、喹诺酮关键中间体短流程绿色合成技术,提高了原子经济性;(4)园区定量分析反应、工艺及物料全生命周期安全特性和风险,系统设计,提高本质安全。2006—2019年,HSEDA实现经济与资源、能源、环境脱钩发展。在“双碳”战略下,从系统角度提出园区“一核六驱”绿色低碳循环发展新模式。 相似文献
489.
Linking linear programming and spatial simulation models to predict landscape effects of forest management alternatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forest management planners require analytical tools to assess the effects of alternative strategies on the sometimes disparate benefits from forests such as timber production and wildlife habitat. We assessed the spatial patterns of alternative management strategies by linking two models that were developed for different purposes. We used a linear programming model (Spectrum) to optimize timber harvest schedules, then a simulation model (HARVEST) to project those schedules in a spatially explicit way and produce maps from which the spatial pattern of habitat could be calculated. We demonstrated the power of this approach by evaluating alternative plans developed for a national forest plan revision in Wisconsin, USA. The amount of forest interior habitat was inversely related to the amount of timber cut, and increased under the alternatives compared to the current plan. The amount of edge habitat was positively related to the amount of timber cut, and increased under all alternatives. The amount of mature northern hardwood interior and edge habitat increased for all alternatives, but mature pine habitat area varied. Mature age classes of all forest types increased, and young classes decreased under all alternatives. The average size of patches (defined by age class) generally decreased. These results are consistent with the design goals of each of the alternatives, but reveal that the spatial differences among the alternatives are modest. These complementary models are valuable for quantifying and comparing the spatial effects of alternative management strategies. 相似文献
490.
用于分子生态学研究的堆肥DNA提取方法 总被引:25,自引:13,他引:12
分子生态学为堆肥微生物的研究提供了新的技术手段,DNA的提取是该技术的基础,但由于腐殖酸类物质的污染,增加了堆肥微生物总DNA的提取难度.采用了3种不同的方法(溶菌酶法、超声波破碎法和蛋白酶K-CTAB法)从堆肥中提取微生物的总DNA,使用核酸和蛋白质分析仪检测后表明3种提取方法获得的DNA产量均较高;琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明其长度约为23 kb;使用细菌16S rRNA基因通用引物(27F和1 495R)对总DNA进行PCR扩增,都获得了几乎全长的16S rDNA序列(约1.5 kb);利用限制性内切酶(Hae Ⅲ和AluⅠ)对纯化后的PCR产物进行RFLP分析,结果表明3种方法提取的DNA反映了比较一致的微生物多样性.虽然3种方法各有优缺点,但其提取的DNA都可以用于堆肥微生物的分子生态学研究,可以根据实际需要选用某一种方法用于提取堆肥总DNA. 相似文献