Viewer preference for spatial arrangement of park trees: An application of video-imaging technology

Research on perception of parks and recreation settings has examined several important tree attributes that influence people's visual preferences. This research, however, has usually not considered the spatial arrangement of the trees, partly because of the lack of adequate methods for representing tree arrangements with systematically manipulated geometries. In the study reported here, computer video-imaging techniques were used to construct simulated landscape scenes that varied on specific dimensions of the spatial configuration of trees. The simulations were rated for visual preference by three respondent groups: a university class, a bicycle club, and a women's civic group. Preference ratings were significantly influenced by the number of trees in the scene, by the number of clumps into which trees were grouped, and by the diameter of the clumps. The video-imaging technology implemented in this study offers important methodological advantages for the design of carefully controlled experiments to study human response to variation in landscape treatments.     

Old distribution procedure of both water and matter fluxes in floodplains of western Europe: Impact on present vegetation

In France and the United States it has been shown that strong linkages exist between vegetation and alluvial landforms within homogeneous river stretches characterized by geomorphological processes, flood duration, flood magnitude, flood frequency, and sediment size. Furthermore, perturbations induced by man (such as embankments and damming) have been shown to have an effect on both succession and plant distribution patterns. Yet, in numerous cases it is not possible to find either the communities or the plants whose presence might be predicted by reference to the river section characteristics (such as straight, braided, anastomosed, or meandering channels) or by reference to perturbation effects well known in piedmont valleys (such as variations of the water-table depth, variations of magnitude, and frequency and duration of floods). Unexpected species, new communities, and even new successional sequences are often observed. The presence of new alluvial forms explains these differences. An “artificial” substratum generated by an old human perturbation (limited in the time) has been established in the past; consequently, the natural distribution patterns of water and matter flows have been disturbed. Archive research has enabled a classification of abandoned systems that were commonly used during the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries on European floodplains. Several case studies were chosen in order to illustrate and explain the importance of stream corridor history. The example of the Isère River valley, downstream from Albertville, is chosen to highlight the heterogeneity of the vegetation mosaïc pattern outside the dikes. The historical reconstruction explains the role of the additional disturbances that cause deviation from the system evolution patterns.     

土地利用及不透水地表对河流流量的影响

利用美国地质调查局的逐日连续流量数据计算了美国切斯比克湾地区150个小流域的34个河流流量指标,并在整个区域和划分的3个自然地理区对选择的17个指标与4种土地利用类型和不透水地表做了相关分析。结果表明,森林在降水较少的冬春两季增加流量,雨量较高的秋季减少流量,森林面积比例的增加可以削减洪峰、延长洪峰历时、稳定流量变化。农业用地比例的增加表现为稳定流量变化,延长洪峰历时,在高原地区还可以削减洪峰流量。草地比例的提高均表现为削减洪峰流量,稳定流量变化,延长洪峰历时。随着不透水地表面积增加,洪峰流量、雨季、汛期和年流量增加,流量变化加剧,洪峰历时减少,不同地理区对不透水地表的水文响应也有所不同。     

滦河流域景观格局变化及其驱动因子分析

基于遥感、地理信息系统(GIS)技术、景观生态学方法和多元统计方法,以滦河流域为研究区域,在1980～2008年的土地利用图基础上,对景观格局特征和变化及其驱动因子进行研究分析.结果表明1980～2008年间林地始终占据了景观的主导地位,约为流域的40%;近年来滦河流域除林地外其它景观类型都有显著性变化;总体上看,滦河...     

城市电站库区湖泊水环境影响研究

城市河流上的水电工程的库区可以形成人工湖泊,并作为城市的重要组成部分有助于完善城市功能布局,提升城市形象.水环境对于湖区体现生态景观的价值起着至关重要的作用.以遂宁观音湖为例,就完善水环境管理,对其区域水环境影响进行研究分析;并对已经污染的水体采取相应治理措施;同时做好流域防洪规划,建设防洪设施;对城市水体景观进行统一打造,实现湖区的可持续发展.     

景观生态评价法在南京沿江化工开发规划环评中的应用

介绍了景观生态评价法的基本原理,即依据景观生态学理论,通过建立栖息地预测模型来评估规划可能造成的生态影响,提出了应用该方法的基本程序,最后以南京沿江化工开发规划为例,以鲤鱼作为指示生物,苯酚作为栖息地限制因子,评估了南京沿江化工开发3种规划方案对水生生态环境可能造成的影响,并根据评价结果提出了区域优化开发的建议。     

大城市边缘区土地利用空间格局特征分析.以北京大兴区为例

以北京大兴区为例,利用景观格局和空间分析方法,从产业布局和区位角度分析大城市边缘区土地利用空间分异特征.结果表明：（1）该区土地利用程度高,区域产业布局及距城市、村镇和道路距离等区位因素使其土地利用综合水平呈现北高南低、北部和南部区域内部重点镇高于一般镇的等级梯度分异格局.（2）设施农用地、园地和设施耕地等集约利用程度较高的农用地比例很大,集中分布在村镇和道路附近,生产便利性和成本是其空间分异的主要影响因素;（3）各类土地破碎化严重,集聚度和规模化程度低,亟需通过土地综合整治,重构村庄空间体系,充分发挥循环经济和农用地多功能性的优势,优化农业产业间及其与非农用地间的用地结构和空间布局,进一步提高土地利用综合效益.     

再生水回用于景观水体的初步探讨

从国内外再生水回用于景观水体的现状以及城市生活污水再生利用发展规模上的变化,阐述了生活污水回用于景观水体的必要性,介绍了再生水处理工艺,通过实验结果论述了生活污水回用于景观水体的可行性,并分析了它的环境效益和经济效益。