改进A2/O法处理生活污水在景观回用中的实验研究

对传统的A2/O工艺进行了改进,并将改进后的A2/O工艺用于小区生活污水的处理。实验结果证明出水经混凝沉淀后回用景观可行。     

Procedure for assessing visual quality for landscape planning and management

Incorporation of aesthetic considerations in the process of landscape planning and development has frequently met with poor results due to its lack of theoretical basis, public involvement, and failure to deal with spatial implications. This problem has been especially evident when dealing with large areas, for example, the Adirondacks, Scenic Highways, and National Forests and Parks. This study made use of public participation to evaluate scenic quality in a portion of the Niagara Escarpment in Southern Ontario, Canada. The results of this study were analyzed using thevisual management model proposed by Brown and Itami (1982) as a means of assessing and evaluating scenic quality. Themap analysis package formulated by Tomlin (1980) was then applied to this assessment for the purpose of spatial mapping of visual impact. The results of this study illustrate that it is possible to assess visual quality for landscape/management, preservation, and protection using a theoretical basis, public participation, and a systematic spatial mapping process.     

Planning for green cities: some emerging principles

There are a number of reasons why planners should take a more positive approach towards the natural economy of the city, and this paper rehearses the arguments in favour. The author takes the view that much publicly owned land is manicured and excessively stocked with exotic species so that they are relatively poor in wildlife. An alternative to the generally held view that dormant land in urban areas is unsightly and encourages vandalism, is that such sites offer opportunities for visual interest, education and recreation. The paper concludes by outlining a number of courses of action which, it is suggested, may come to dominate environmental planning.     

黄土高原沟壑区土地景观空间格局遥感分析

应用遥感图像采集信息，在ＧＩＳ支持下，建立空间信息库，进行嵌块大小、分维数、形状指数、优势度、多样性、相对丰富度、破碎度等指标计算，研究了黄土高原沟壑区淳化县泥河沟流域土地景观空间格局特征。结果表明，本区域景观类型比较简单，景观多样性比较低。建议在本区域特别是在沟缘线上下两侧，打埝修梯，植树造林，建筑成沿沟沿缘线数十米宽的生态廊道和景观网络，增加景观类型，提高景观多样性，进一步控制水土流失，不断改     

三峡库区景观格局粒度效应及其对土地利用变化过程的响应

1992—2012年,受大型水利工程建设影响,三峡库区土地利用/覆被发生剧烈变化,论文选取工程建设重要时点1992、2002、2006和2012年的土地利用覆被图,探讨景观格局指数在30~1 000 m粒度范围内的粒度效应及其对土地利用变化过程的响应。结果表明：1）所选取的27个景观指数中,有14个对空间粒度变化高度敏感、3个中度敏感、7个低敏感、3个不敏感;不同类型景观（除裸地外）粒度效应规律相似。2）景观格局指数随粒度变粗呈5种变化规律：单调下降、单调上升、阶梯状上升、无明显变化、先增大后迅速下降。形状指数粒度效应对土地利用变化过程的响应明显,聚集度指数、面积-边缘指数、多样性指数随土地利用变化的特征不受粒度粗细影响。因此,景观格局分析最适宜粒度范围为30~60 m。3）1992—2012年三峡库区整体景观异质性增大、优势度降低、呈小斑块密集格局;耕地面积急剧下降、破碎化加剧,林地面积稳步提升,连通性提高。     

Modeling the Ecological Consequences of Land-Use Policies in an Urbanizing Region

Insight into future land use and effective ways to control land-use change is crucial to addressing environmental change. A variety of growth-control policies have been adopted by municipal and regional governments within the United States to try to minimize the ecological impact of continued urbanization, but it is often unclear if those policies can meet the stated ecological goals. Land-use-change models provide a way to generate predictions of future change, while exploring the impact of different land-use policies before irreversible transformations occur. In this article, an approach to modeling land-use policies that focuses on their ecological consequences is described. The policy simulation approach was used to predict future land use in the Barnegat Bay and Mullica River watersheds, in southeastern New Jersey, USA. Four commonly used policies were considered: down-zoning, cluster development, wetlands/water buffers, and open space protection. The results of the analysis suggest that none of the policies modeled were able to alter future land-use patterns, raising questions about the effectiveness of commonly adopted land-use policies. However, the policy modeling approach used in this study proved to be a useful way to determine if adoption of a given policy could improve the likelihood of meeting ecological goals.     

Landscape evaluation in environmental assessment and land use planning

Landscape is equated with the term scenery and is considered as an environmental resource. The need for an evaluation of scenery in environmental assessment statements is outlined. Three established methods of landscape evaluation are tested in a section of the Niagara Peninsula of southern Ontario. The methods are compared in terms of the nature of results produced and the time/manpower requirements for field data collection. The amenability of the methods to analysis from a cartographic data base is also considered. The simpler Newkirk and Linton methods produce readily useable data quickly, whereas the Leopold method not only yields data on scenic resources but can also be used to relate such results to other environmental attributes and processes.     

Do Highways Influence Density of Land Birds?

Phylloscopus trochilus ), crossbills (Loxia spp.), and tree pipit (Anthus trivialis). The composition of the bird community did not vary significantly between the compared transects. Some species appeared to favour road–forest edges but this could not be confirmed with our data. These species were not the same as have been reported to favor clear-fellings–mature forest edges. Therefore, the edge effect does not seem to be the most important factor controlling relative bird densities immediately adjacent and further away from highways. The likelihood of avoiding the problems the highways are causing for bird density are been discussed.