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261.
HAN Hai-yan HUANG Guo-dong JIN Shun-ping ZHENG Pei-chao XU Guo-hu LI Jian-quan WANG Hong-mei CHU Yan-nan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(6):751-755
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a very fast, highly sensitive, and inexpensive technique, it permits efficient monitoring of volatile organic compounds like alcohols. In this article, positive ion mobility spectra for six alcohol organic compounds have been systematically studied for the first time using a high-resolution IMS apparatus equipped with a discharge ionization source. Utilizing protonated water cluster ions (H2O)nH^+ as the reactant ions and clean air as the drift gas, alcohol organic compounds, ethanol, 1- propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-octanol, all exhibit product ion characteristic peaks in their respective ion mobility spectrometry, that is a result of proton transfer reactions between the alcohols and reaction ions (H2O)nH^+. The mixture of these alcohols, including two isomers, has been detected, and the results showed that they could be distinguished effectively in the ion mobility spectrum. The reduced mobility values have been determined, which are in very well agreement with the traditional ^63Ni-IMS experimental values. The exponential dilution method was used to calibrate the alcohol concentrations, and a detection limit available for the alcohols is in order of magnitude of a few ng/L. 相似文献
262.
Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area: Characteristics in summer and winter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GAO Jian WANG Jin CHENG Shu-hui XUE Li-kun YAN Huai-zhong HOU Lu-jian JIANG Yu-quan WANG Wen-xing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(12):1466-1473
The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening. 相似文献
263.
This special issue of the Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics presents so-called ethical tools that are developed to support systematic public deliberations about the ethical aspects
of agricultural biotechnologies. This paper firstly clarifies the intended connotations of the term “ethical tools” and argues
that such tools can support liberal democracies to cope with the issues that are raised by the application of genetic modification
and other modern biotechnologies in agriculture and food production. The paper secondly characterizes the societal discussion
on agricultural biotechnology and defends the thesis that normative perspectives fuel this discussion, so one cannot come
to grips with this discussion if one neglects these perspectives. The paper thirdly agrues that no such thing exists as “one”
societal debate in which these issues should be discussed. There are several interwined debates, and different actors participate
in different discourses. Some practical instruments are necessary in order to include the right issues in these debates. These
instruments will be coined as “ethical tools,” since they are practical instruments that can be used (tools) in order to support
debates and deliberative structures for a systematic engagement with ethical issues (hence, ethical tools). Finally, the
paper clarifies the ethics of these ethical tools and presents the tools as discussed in the remainder of this special issue:
1) tools to include ethical issues in public consulation and involvement; 2) tools to support systematic reflection upon ethical
issues in decision-making; and 3) tools to support explicit communication about values in the food chain. 相似文献
264.
265.
为了加深对环境价值的认识和促使环境资源核算逐渐逼近人们的期望值,本文首先从环境哲学的视角讨论了环境价值的哲学含义然后又从环境哲学的视角对环境价值的复杂性和多样性作了初步的评价讨论结果表明,目前人们对环境资源的价值内涵的把握虽然有了质的升华.但仍然是不彻底的;因而必须对环境价值进行不懈的探索. 相似文献
266.
珠江三角洲典型区景观生态聚类分析 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
珠海是珠江三角洲地区一个海陆交互作用与人类干扰活动频繁的典型区域。文章以2000年TM数据为基础数据源,编制珠海地区景观类型图,并以镇(区)为基本空间单元将珠海划分为20个景观生态子区,在GIS与景观斑块分析软件Patch Analyst 2.0支持下计算各子区的景观特征指数。通过各子区的景观指数对比分析,探讨研究区范围内景观格局的空间差异,揭示人类活动、自然干扰等各种景观生态机制对区域景观生态的影响。根据各指数反映的景观特征信息,选择平均斑块大小(MPS)、斑块大小变异系数(PSCOV)、边缘密度(ED)、面积加权分维数(AWMPFD)、破碎度指数(F)、多样性指数(SDI)及人为干扰指数(DT)进行珠海景观生态聚类分析,根据聚类分析结果可多层次客观地对珠海地区进行景观生态类型区划分。 相似文献
267.
Derivation of predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol based on Chinese resident species 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common chemical intermediate and a by-product of water chlorination and combustion processes, and is a priority pollutant of the aquatic environment in many countries. Although information on the toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP is available, there is a lack of information on the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4,6-TCP, mainly due to the shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, acute and sub-chronic toxicity of 2,4,6-TCP on six different resident Chinese aquatic species were determined. PNEC values were calculated and compared by use of two approaches: assessment factor (AF) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Values for acute toxicity ranged from 1.1 mg L−1 (Plagiognathops microlepis) to 42 mg L−1 (Corbicula fluminea) and the sub-chronic no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) ranged from 0.05 mg L−1 (Mylopharyngodon piceus) to 2.0 mg L−1 (C. fluminea). PNECs obtained by the assessment factor approach with acute (AF = 1000, 0.001 mg L−1) or chronic (AF = 10, 0.005 mg L−1) toxicity data were one order of magnitude less than those from SSD methods (0.057 mg L−1). PNEC values calculated using SSD methods with a 50% certainty for 2,4,6-TCP was less than those obtained by use of the USEPA recommend final chronic value (FCV) method (0.097 mg L−1) and the one obtained by use of the USEPA recommend acute-to-chronic (ACR) methods (0.073 mg L−1). PNECs derived using AF methods were more protective and conservative than that derived using SSD methods. 相似文献
268.
269.
湄洲湾海域底质重金属环境背景值研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
根据湄洲湾区域自然环境特点 ,用背景区调查法 ,选择远离污染源的洁净海区进行表层底质重金属调查 ,并进行数据技术处理和影响因素分析。提出湄洲湾海域底质重金属环境背景值 相似文献
270.
降水中与pH值有关的离子优选和pH值的PPR预测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用投影寻踪回归(PPR)分析技术的SMART算法得到因子的权重序列,可实现对降水中与酸性pH值有关的离子的优选。实例分析结果表明,用优选出的离子作为特征因子,建立pH值的投影寻踪回归预测模型,具有较高的预测精度和较好的稳定性 相似文献