内蒙阿拉善地区植物与土壤元素背景值特征及其相互关系

内蒙阿拉善地区植物、土壤的元素背景特征及其相互关系的研究结果表明：５３种植物的９种元素（Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｖ、Ｍｎ）背景含量有很大差异．不同生活型植物背景值也各异，总的规律为：Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｖ＞Ｃｕ＞Ｎｉ＞Ｃｒ＞Ｐｂ＞Ｃｏ＞Ｃｄ；同种植物的元素含量在不同群落中有明显差别，但都在同一个数量级．土壤９种元素的背景含量均以Ｍｎ含量最高，其次为Ｚｎ和Ｖ，Ｃｄ的含量最低；不同上类各剖面各种元素的垂直分布规律为底层或表层的元素含量高于中间各层．土壤元素背景值都高于植物背景值，前者一般为后者的２～２０倍．植物对元素的吸收系数以Ｃｄ最大，Ｃｒ最小．土壤元素含量与有机质含量的相关性因土类不同而异：沙土的有机质含量最低，只有Ｚｎ含量与有机质相关性显著；而盐土的有机质含量最高，有Ｃｏ、Ｃｄ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｚｎ６种元素含量与之显著相关．     

金坛区景观格局时空变化及驱动力分析

基于2010—2015年江苏省常州市金坛区高分辨率遥感影像,综合分析了生态系统空间分布格局及其演变特征,初步揭示了生态系统的驱动力及其对生态系统格局变化的影响。结果表明,金坛区生态系统类型主要由农田、湿地、城镇构成,3者合占总面积的87. 8%; 2010年以来,金坛加快实施城市"东扩南移"战略,原有农田不断被蚕食,生态系统的聚集度、边界密度有所上升,城镇更加连片分布,城镇面积已接近2020年18 604. 7 hm~2的建设红线。     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

AHP与模糊评价法在高速公路人文景观评价中的应用

高速公路人文景观评价的难点在于人文景观影响因素的确定和指标的量化,由于其不确定性而且受到主观因素的影响很大,将其尽量量化是较好的办法.本文结合高速公路人文景观特点提出了其评价指标体系,并通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价对各指标进行了具体分析.     

基于土壤渗透系数的吉林省湿地补给地下水功能分析

论文借助经验渗透系数法和价值评估方法,通过对吉林省湿地补给地下水服务价值的科学评估,得出吉林省湿地渗漏补给地下水量和价值量,其中每年补给地下水量约99.71亿m³。不同湿地类每年渗漏补给地下水量大小排序是沼泽湿地（46.40亿m³）>湖泊湿地（26.64亿m³）>人工湿地（21.48亿m³）>河流湿地（5.19亿m³）。而不同湿地类中,以内陆盐沼每年渗漏补给地下水量最大,达到每年18.60亿m³,其次是季节性咸水沼泽,每年为14.93亿m³,而水产养殖场最小,每年仅为0.05亿m³。对于吉林省具有不同渗透系数的湿地,其每年渗漏补给地下水量也不同。总体合计吉林省湿地补给地下水价值为401.83亿元。不同湿地类补给地下水价值排序是沼泽湿地（186.99亿元）>湖泊湿地（107.36亿元）>人工湿地（86.56亿元）>河流湿地（20.92亿元）,而不同湿地型补给地下水价值最大为内陆盐沼湿地（74.96亿元）,最小为水产养殖场（0.20亿元）。吉林省湿地补给地下水价值在空间分布上主要集中于3个区域,即以白城市和松原市为核心区域的“沼泽湿地-湖泊湿地-河流湿地”为主的补给地下水区域,以四平市、长春市和辽源市为核心区域的人工湿地补给地下水区域和以吉林市为核心区域的“沼泽湿地-河流湿地”为主的补给地下水区域。论文研究结果能够为吉林省湿地保护、湿地恢复、合理利用以及湿地科学管理提供依据。     

Historical survey and the cultivation of a new culture regarding the ecology in China's Western Provinces

The Chinese leadership in recent years has clearly indicated that priority will be given to the development of the western provinces. In view of its under-developed economy, the relative poor education of the population and the extensive mode of development, environmental pollution and ecological damage in western China are more serious than in the east. In China's industrialization process in the modern era, the blind imitation of the initial stage of industrialization in the advanced countries and the total rejection of traditional Chinese cultural values have been particularly striking. Hence, the western provinces should adopt a mode of sustainable development based on establishment of an ecological culture. Environmentalists in China would like to concentrate on reforming the modes of production and the people's lifestyles through changing their views and values. They perceive this as the major commitment for building an ecological culture and promoting sustainable development. But large-scale and concentrated damage to the environment are very often the result of neglect and mistakes by government authorities and corporations. Pessimists worry that this millennium will signal the terminal stage for natural values; but there may be an alternative: a millennium of coordinated development, respecting the environment and based on adoption of a new ecological culture.     

An examination of ecological risk assessment and management practices

Ecological risk assessment has grown and evolved since the 1980s, as have new challenges (e.g. global climate change, loss of habitat and biodiversity and the effects of multiple anthropogenic chemicals on ecological systems) that need to be factored into the risk assessment processes. There is also an on-going shift from evaluating adverse health impacts on particular, often small scale, environments to undertaking more complex ecological assessments of whole populations and communities across ecologically meaningful landscapes. These trends are generating an increased demand for much more complex ecological assessments, making it increasingly clear that to achieve its potential as a management tool, methods must be developed to apply ecological risk assessment to larger and more complex scales. This paper reviews the development of the ecological risk assessment paradigm in the United States, identifies ways it is being applied and adapted in other countries, explores future research needs and practice improvements, and examines current issues that need to be considered in taking forward the scientific development of ecological risk assessment as a useful environmental management tool.     

Computer-Intensive Methods in Traffic Safety Research

The analysis of traffic safety data archives has improved markedly with the development of procedures that are heavily dependent upon computers. Three such procedures are described here. The first procedure involves using computers to assist in the identification and correction of invalid data. The second procedure makes greater computational demands, and involves using computerized algorithms to fill in the “gaps” that typically occur in archival data when information regarding key variables is not available. The third and most computer-intensive procedure involves using data mining techniques to search archives for interesting and important relationships between variables. These procedures are illustrated using examples from data archives that describe the characteristics of traffic accidents in the USA and Australia.     

矿区河流中氟化物的多源贡献量计算及环境背景值确定

环境背景值反映了环境质量的原始状态,是确定区域环境污染程度的基础,在环境质量评价、政府决策中起着十分重要的作用。对于具有矿产背景的区域,由于其水文地质环境复杂,传统背景值的计算方法存在局限性。笔者以明白河流域为研究对象,利用水文分析工具,结合实际采样检测,将流域内氟化物的来源分为4类,单独进行估算,并利用研究区出境断面处的多年历史数据对估算结果进行验证,预测精度达到89.4%;最后只考虑自然因素对总量的贡献,计算出河流中氟化物的背景值为1.72 mg/L。