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排序方式: 共有668条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
441.
Comparing Spatially Explicit Ecological and Social Values for Natural Areas to Identify Effective Conservation Strategies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
BRETT ANTHONY BRYAN CHRISTOPHER MARK RAYMOND NEVILLE DAVID CROSSMAN DARRAN KING 《Conservation biology》2011,25(1):172-181
Abstract: Consideration of the social values people assign to relatively undisturbed native ecosystems is critical for the success of science‐based conservation plans. We used an interview process to identify and map social values assigned to 31 ecosystem services provided by natural areas in an agricultural landscape in southern Australia. We then modeled the spatial distribution of 12 components of ecological value commonly used in setting spatial conservation priorities. We used the analytical hierarchy process to weight these components and used multiattribute utility theory to combine them into a single spatial layer of ecological value. Social values assigned to natural areas were negatively correlated with ecological values overall, but were positively correlated with some components of ecological value. In terms of the spatial distribution of values, people valued protected areas, whereas those natural areas underrepresented in the reserve system were of higher ecological value. The habitats of threatened animal species were assigned both high ecological value and high social value. Only small areas were assigned both high ecological value and high social value in the study area, whereas large areas of high ecological value were of low social value, and vice versa. We used the assigned ecological and social values to identify different conservation strategies (e.g., information sharing, community engagement, incentive payments) that may be effective for specific areas. We suggest that consideration of both ecological and social values in selection of conservation strategies can enhance the success of science‐based conservation planning. 相似文献
442.
This work utilizes bird survey data, regression modeling, land-use modeling and landscape metrics to evaluate the effects of various spatial bird diversity conservation approaches on land-use allocation, land-use patterns, and biodiversity in the Shangan sub-watershed in central Taiwan. A survey of the distribution of species revealed that bird species are concentrated in the central and western parts of the sub-watershed. The results obtained using a Shannon-Weaver diversity regression model suggest that diversity of land-use increases the diversity of bird species. Logistic regression results verify that socio-economic factors determine the potential advantages of designating a particular type of land-use in certain parts of the study area. The results of land-use simulation modeling indicate that the eastern and southwestern areas of the sub-watershed will change most frequently between 2007 and 2017. Additionally, increasing the areas to protect bird diversity will effectively increase the patch size, habitat core area, edge effect and habitat connectivity. The Shannon-Weaver diversity regression model shows that protecting bird species diversity in large areas increases bird diversity. The proposed modeling approach is an effective tool that provides useful information for ecological planning and policymaking related to watersheds. 相似文献
443.
444.
针对雨水的南方丘陵城市环境景观基础设施网络问题,以雨水排泄和汇集为导向,以GIS为分析工具,计算出雨水汇集点和排泄路径的适宜性分析图,结合城市内现有环境,如公园、广场、废弃地、绿地等用地选择环境景观基础设施节点,根据现有城市用地布局、水系、道路系统,具体计算出这些环境景观设施廊道,构建一个多功能景观基础设施网络体系,在一定程度上缓解环境雨水内涝问题,同时又能改善城市景观环境,促进城市环境景观基础设施与城市环境基础设施的融合. 相似文献
445.
研究了沉淀pH值分别为4.8、8.0和10.6条件下制备的水合氧化锆对水中磷酸盐的吸附作用,结果表明,共存的Na~+仅仅略微促进了沉淀pH值为4.8和8.0时所得水合氧化锆对水中磷酸盐的吸附,却明显促进了沉淀pH值为10.6时所得水合氧化锆对磷酸盐的吸附.共存的Ca~(2+)仅仅略微促进了沉淀pH值为4.8时水合氧化锆对磷酸盐的吸附,却极大地促进了沉淀pH值为8.0和10.6时水合氧化锆对磷酸盐的吸附.共存的HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)抑制了水合氧化锆对磷酸盐的吸附,且它们对沉淀pH值为4.8时水合氧化锆吸磷的抑制作用明显大于对沉淀pH值为8.0和10.6时水合氧化锆的抑制作用.不同沉淀pH值条件下制备的水合氧化锆对水中磷酸盐的吸附能力均随着溶液pH值的增加而降低.不同沉淀pH值条件下所得水合氧化锆对水中磷酸盐的吸附平衡数据可以采用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Redushckevich(D-R)等温吸附模型加以描述.存在Na+而不存在Ca~(2+)情况下,3种不同沉淀pH值条件下所得水合氧化锆对中性溶液中磷酸盐的最大单层吸附容量差别不大;存在Ca~(2+)情况下,沉淀pH值为8.0和10.6时所得水合氧化锆对中性溶液中磷酸盐的最大单层吸附容量远远高于沉淀pH值为4.8时制备的水合氧化锆.沉淀pH值为4.8和8.0时所得水合氧化锆的吸磷机制主要是表面氯和羟基基团与磷酸盐之间的配位体交换作用,而沉淀pH值为10.6时所得水合氧化锆的吸磷机制主要是表面羟基基团与磷酸盐之间的配位体交换作用.以上研究结果显示,与沉淀pH值为4.8时制备的水合氧化锆相比,沉淀pH值为8.0和10.6时制备的水合氧化锆更加适合作为吸附剂去除废水中的磷酸盐. 相似文献
446.
Konstantinos Tzoulas Juanjo Galan Stephen Venn Matthew Dennis Bas Pedroli Himansu Mishra Dagmar Haase Stephan Pauleit Jari Niemel Philip James 《Ambio》2021,50(2):335
This article provides a perspective on nature-based solutions. First, the argument is developed that nature-based solutions integrate social and ecological systems. Then, theoretical considerations relating to relational values, multifunctionality, transdisciplinarity, and polycentric governance are briefly outlined. Finally, a conceptual model of the social–ecological system of nature-based solutions is synthesised and presented. This conceptual model comprehensively defines the social and ecological external and internal systems that make up nature-based solutions, and identifies theoretical considerations that need to be addressed at different stages of their planning and implementation The model bridges the normative gaps of existing nature-based solution frameworks and could be used for consistent, comprehensive, and transferable comparisons internationally. The theoretical considerations addressed in this article inform practitioners, policymakers, and researchers about the essential components of nature-based solutions. The conceptual model can facilitate the identification of social and ecological interconnections within nature-based solutions and the range of stakeholders and disciplines involved. 相似文献
447.
荒漠生态环境监测刍议 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
讨论了荒漠生态环境监测的基本概念和原则 ,并针对新疆荒漠生态环境监测工作的现状 ,提出了今后工作的总体设想和若干展望 ,对我国荒漠生态环境监测工作的开展具有一定的启示作用。 相似文献
448.
介绍了景观生态评价法的基本原理,即依据景观生态学理论,通过建立栖息地预测模型来评估规划可能造成的生态影响,提出了应用该方法的基本程序,最后以南京沿江化工开发规划为例,以鲤鱼作为指示生物,苯酚作为栖息地限制因子,评估了南京沿江化工开发3种规划方案对水生生态环境可能造成的影响,并根据评价结果提出了区域优化开发的建议。 相似文献
449.
450.
Effects of habitat and landscape fragmentation on humans and biodiversity in densely populated landscapes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Manuela Di Giulio Rolf Holderegger Silvia Tobias 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(10):2959-2968
Landscape fragmentation has often been seen as an only ecological problem. However, fragmentation also has a societal perspective, namely, in how humans perceive landscape fragmentation and in how landscape fragmentation potentially influences human well-being. These latter aspects have rarely been addressed so far. The inter-relationship of ecological and human dimensions of landscape fragmentation becomes especially evident when looking at the landscape where most people in industrial countries live, namely in suburban and urban areas. In these areas, landscape planners and environmental managers are confronted with the problem that landscapes should fullfil various functions, often with conflicting goals, e.g. nature reserves to enhance species richness vs. recreational areas for city-dwellers. We reviewed the ecological and sociological literature relevant for fragmentation in suburban and urban landscapes. In an interdisciplinary approach, we evaluated whether there are similarities and dissimilarities between the ecological and the human aspects of landscape fragmentation. We found important similarities. An example is that for both, humans and biodiversity, the loss of semi-natural areas has more drastic effects than the fragmentation of these areas per se. However, there are also relevant differences. We concluded that in densely populated landscapes a shift from responsive planning to an intentional design of environments is therefore needed. 相似文献