环境价值评估方法

环境价值评估是环境管理科学化的基础。本文就迄今为止的国内外定价技术进行了综述并筛选出一套适合我国国情的价值评估体系、方法。     

Serum lipid,apolipoprotein and lipoparticle levels in the human fetus

Blood collected from 62 fetuses aged 20–38 weeks of gestation was studied. The values of ten lipid parameters were determined: cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein Al (apo A1), apolipoprotein B (apo B), apolipoprotein E (apo E), total apolipoprotein CIII (apo CIII), apolipoprotein CIII present in particles containing apo B (apo CIII LpB) or not (apo CIII Lp non-B), lipoparticles A1 (LpA1), and lipoprotein a (Lp(a)). The results show that, except for apo E, all the studied parameters were present in lower concentrations than in adults and newborns, and that Lp(a) is not detectable at that stage in life.     

煤飞灰多环芳烃环境标准参考物的研制与定值

研制了一种煤飞灰多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）环境标准参考物，用高效液相色谱ＨＰＬＣ（ＵＶＤ／ＦＬＤ）作为分析方法，对其均匀性和稳定性进行了检验，对几种有代表性的ＰＡＨｓ的分析统计结果表明，其均匀性是合格的，在－２５℃保存时，稳定性在两年以上，采用两种独立可靠的方法（提取－直接进样ＨＰＬＣ和提取－硅胶柱预分离－ＨＲＧＣ），给出了煤飞灰参考物质中几种ＰＡＨ的定值结果：菲（ＰＨ）７．１±２．６μｇ／ｇ，蒽（ＡＮ     

视觉影响评价技术初探

首先简要介绍了国内外开展视觉影响评价的情况和意义 ,提出了视觉影响评价的基本概念、步骤和方法。针对视觉影响评价的特点 ,介绍了 4种视觉模拟用以预测影响的手段。最后针对我国视觉影响评价的现状提出了一些加强和改善建议。     

红壤中质子化及铝的溶解与质子缓冲之间的关系

 用平衡实验及动力学实验研究了我国南方4种红壤的表面质子化及铝的溶解与质子缓冲之间的关系.结果表明,由于游离氧化铁的含量、活性及对铝溶解反应位的掩盖程度等与质子化密切相关因素的不同影响,4种红壤的总H⁺消耗量和铝溶解量不同,宁海红壤和嵊县红壤的质子化程度及H⁺的总消耗量大于永春红壤和屯溪红壤;屯溪红壤铝的溶解量最大,宁海红壤铝的溶解量最小.尽管屯溪红壤铝的溶解量最大,但H⁺的总消耗量却最小.当红壤中氧化铁含量较高时,铝的溶解在H⁺消耗中只起次要作用,质子化过程是H⁺消耗的主要途径.     

城市电站库区湖泊水环境影响研究

城市河流上的水电工程的库区可以形成人工湖泊,并作为城市的重要组成部分有助于完善城市功能布局,提升城市形象.水环境对于湖区体现生态景观的价值起着至关重要的作用.以遂宁观音湖为例,就完善水环境管理,对其区域水环境影响进行研究分析;并对已经污染的水体采取相应治理措施;同时做好流域防洪规划,建设防洪设施;对城市水体景观进行统一打造,实现湖区的可持续发展.     

Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water usage of tomato seedlings under different ammonium/nitrate ratios

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is generally expected to enhance photosynthesis and growth of agricultural C3 vegetable crops, and therefore results in an increase in crop yield. However, little is known about the combined effect of elevated CO2 and N species on plant growth and development. Two growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio and elevated CO2 concentration on the physiological development and water use of tomato seedlings. Tomato was grown for 45 d in containers with nutrient solutions varying in NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios and CO2 concentrations in growth chambers. Results showed that plant height, stem thickness, total dry weight, dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots, G value （total plant dry weight/seedling days）, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf-level and whole plant-level water use efficiency and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings were increased with increasing proportion of NO3- in nutrient solutions in the elevated CO2 treatment. Plant biomass, plant height, stem thickness and photosynthetic rate were 67%, 22%, 24% and 55% higher at elevated CO2 concentration than at ambient CO2 concentration, depending on the values of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio. These results indicated that elevating CO2 concentration did not mitigate the adverse effects of 100% NH4^＋-N （in nutrient solution） on the tomato seedlings. At both CO2 levels, NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios of nutrient solutions strongly influenced almost every measure of plant performance, and nitrate-fed plants attained a greater biomass production, as compared to ammonium-fed plants. These phenomena seem to be related to the coordinated regulation of photosynthetic rate and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings.     

Speaking without words: A meta-analysis of over 70 years of research on the power of nonverbal cues in job interviews

What candidates say in an interview is important—but so is how they say it. We draw on dual-process theory to explain why interviewers rely on individuals' dynamic and static nonverbal cues to evaluate performance with quick, implicit inferences (System 1 processing). Yet, it remains unclear which cues most influence interviewers' judgments and whether moderators affecting interviewers' reliance on System 1 thinking (e.g., interview structure, modality, duration, and interviewee gender) impact the relationship between nonverbal cues and interview ratings. We performed the first meta-analysis to address these questions, integrating findings across 63 studies (N = 4868). The nonverbal cues demonstrating the strongest association with interview performance were professional appearance (ρ = .62), eye contact (ρ = .45), and head movement (ρ = .43). Moderator analyses highlight the persistent power of nonverbal cues, as the results were largely unaffected by interview structure, modality, or duration. Experimental design did play a role, as did interviewees' gender, with stronger effects for certain nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions and professional appearance) for women than men, conveying interviewers' reliance on gender-based stereotypes when judging their performance. Overall, these results suggest nonverbal cues and characteristics are an important influence on job applicants' success in employment interviews.     

Optimal Allocation of Resources among Threatened Species: a Project Prioritization Protocol

Abstract: Conservation funds are grossly inadequate to address the plight of threatened species. Government and conservation organizations faced with the task of conserving threatened species desperately need simple strategies for allocating limited resources. The academic literature dedicated to systematic priority setting usually recommends ranking species on several criteria, including level of endangerment and metrics of species value such as evolutionary distinctiveness, ecological importance, and social significance. These approaches ignore 2 crucial factors: the cost of management and the likelihood that the management will succeed. These oversights will result in misallocation of scarce conservation resources and possibly unnecessary losses. We devised a project prioritization protocol (PPP) to optimize resource allocation among New Zealand's threatened‐species projects, where costs, benefits (including species values), and the likelihood of management success were considered simultaneously. We compared the number of species managed and the expected benefits gained with 5 prioritization criteria: PPP with weightings based on species value; PPP with species weighted equally; management costs; species value; and threat status. We found that the rational use of cost and success information substantially increased the number of species managed, and prioritizing management projects according to species value or threat status in isolation was inefficient and resulted in fewer species managed. In addition, we found a clear trade‐off between funding management of a greater number of the most cost‐efficient and least risky projects and funding fewer projects to manage the species of higher value. Specifically, 11 of 32 species projects could be funded if projects were weighted by species value compared with 16 projects if projects were not weighted. This highlights the value of a transparent decision‐making process, which enables a careful consideration of trade‐offs. The use of PPP can substantially improve conservation outcomes for threatened species by increasing efficiency and ensuring transparency of management decisions.