工业场地再利用适宜性评价研究

土地是生态环境的重要组成部分,也是人类赖以生存的主要资源之一。随着城市规模的不断扩大,越来越多的工业企业搬离老城区,如何实现工业搬迁场地的安全再利用已成为制约土地资源再利用的关键因素。以泰安市某个工业搬迁场地为例,以北京市《场地环境评价导则》(DB 11/T 656-2009)中通用土壤筛选值为评价标准,通过对场地土壤环境质量进行调查与监测,对该场地能否再利用进行适宜性评价,以保证土地资源的安全再利用,为土地资源管理提供合理依据。     

Caring for country through participatory art: creating a boundary object for communicating Indigenous knowledge and values

The trend towards the inclusion of diverse groups in environmental decision-making has led to the need to explore new forms of communication to engage communities in expressing their values and aspirations. Participatory art as an emergent methodology was explored with Traditional Owner groups involved in policy development through the Girringun Aboriginal Corporation in northern Queensland, Australia. The works began with a moderated focus group exploring the theme What does caring for country mean to you? Participants then worked collaboratively on one canvas over some six weeks. Individual expressions were discussed with participants during and following their creation. Themes emerging from the focus group and painting workshop included those related to culture, well-being, environment, politics, and holism, which was central to the discussions. The common thread of the work was that people need to interact with country in order to care for country.     

“Single-minded,compelling, and unique”: Visual Communications,Landscape, and the Calculated Aesthetic of Place Branding

Place branding strategies play a significant role in the professional composition of landscape imagery, including the depiction of “natural” landscapes. In this paper, Brand Blue Mountains, a brand currently implemented in the Blue Mountains region (Australia), is discursively analyzed. The brand sets out an all-encompassing “Vision” defining the identity, values and personality of the World Heritage listed Blue Mountains landscape, summarized in the tagline Elevate Your Senses. This “vision” is visually translated into a strictly coordinated and copyrighted suite of logos, graphic design, color, fonts and various photographic styles. Analysis reveals that the degree of control that place brand strategists seek to exert over the visual expression of landscape identity is significant. A highly selective narrative of positive nature-based sensory experience is constructed through the holistic application of contemporary visual media. The brands' communications strategy naturalizes and reinforces a particular market-friendly version of place. The framework that brands set for the representation of landscapes overall amounts to an exercise in calculated aesthetics, whereby the form and content of landscape images of various kinds is measured to achieve the greatest market differentiation and impact which technologies allow. The result of this calculated aesthetic system, with its taglines, saturated color, careful composition and magazine-format brevity, is a reduction in the complexity of landscape representations and a perpetuation of nature stereotypes.     

视觉影响评价技术研究与应用

文章首先对于国内外出现的视觉影响评价与景观影响评价的概念进行了对比分析，提出“视觉影响评价”在功能表述上更为确切，并给出了视觉影响评价的基本概念，然后针对视觉影响评价的特点，介绍了视觉模拟用以预测影响的手段以及评价方法和减缓措施，并通过一具体实例进行了说明，最后针对我国视觉影响评价的现状提出了一些加强和改善的建议。     

高寒草甸不同土地利用格局土壤CO2的释放量

分析高寒草甸不同土地利用格局下土壤CO₂的释放量大小表明,在植物生长季的5～9月,土壤CO₂释放量大小排序为:金露梅灌丛草甸(1871.40g/m²)＞矮嵩草草甸(1769.63g/m²)＞退化金露梅灌丛草甸(1495.60g/m²)＞退化矮嵩草草甸(1191.26g/m²);而在植物非生长季的10月到翌年4月,其土壤CO₂释放量大小与植物生长季略有差异,表现出矮嵩草草甸(661.46g/m²)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(550.90g/m²)＞退化矮嵩草草甸(502.50g/m²)＞退化金露梅灌丛草甸(384.50g/m²)的特点;全年内表现为矮嵩草草甸(2431.09g/m²)＞金露梅灌丛草甸(2422.30g/m²)＞退化金露梅灌丛草甸(1880.10g/m²)＞退化矮嵩草草甸(1694.06g/m²).高寒草甸地区不同土地利用格局土壤CO₂释放数量的差异及季节变化,不仅与各利用格局的土壤生物活性及土壤物理化学性状有关,而且与气象条件(特别是温度)及其土壤冬季冻结期长短关系极为密切.     

“土壤环境质量标准”编制进展

报导了国内外在编制“土壤环境质量标准”的最新进展，论述了编制时应考虑到的一些关键因素，主要包括，编制时依据的技术路线，污染物的种类和形态，土壤性质（ＰＨ、有机质、Ｅｈ、Ｒ２Ｏ３的类型和含量、阳离子代换量和质地）和作物因素，简介了我国最近新编制完成的“土壤环境质量标准”的主要内容，并建议今后补充和进一步完善的部分。     

An early warning method of landscape ecological security in rapid urbanizing coastal areas and its application in Xiamen, China

Based on the Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R) approach, an index system for landscape ecological security (LES) was suggested using three dimensions, six factors, and three weights. The indicators in the system were divided into two groups: spatial interpolation (acquired by the remote sensing data) and non-spatial interpolation (acquired by consultation with experts). According to data of 2003 and 2006, coupled with current tendencies, the early warning method was classified into four categories: security and degradation, sub-security and slow degradation, sub-security and rapid degradation, and insecurity. Our research with early warning method finds three interesting phenomena: (1) mean value of LES in 2003 was 0.586, indicating medium security; while in 2006 it was 0.650, an upper medium security. The LES level within each districts of Xiamen in 2006 was better than the level in 2003. In terms of LES, the comprehensive condition within each district of Xiamen in 2006 was enhanced compared with 2003. Overall, there was improvement in 80.5% of areas from 2003 to 2006, showing promising signs of positive development. (2) The LES of Xiang’an District and Jimei District were in stages of high early warning given that the percentage of land in these districts that showed symptoms of insecurity and degradation was 41.03 and 34.89%, respectively. (3) On the whole, the areas that showed notable signs of insecurity and rapid landscape, and which can already be identified as early warning areas requiring immediate attention, correspond closely with the distribution of coastal industrial parks in these regions. In conclusion, the consequences of rapid industrialization and urbanization are far reaching and affect local and regional ecological security.     

深圳市土地利用变化对生态服务功能的影响

选择深圳市为研究区域,基于1996、2000和2004年的土地利用类型图估算了深圳市生态服务价值,探讨了土地利用对生态服务功能的影响。结果表明:1996年深圳市生态系统服务总价值为277597×10⁴元,2000年为291141×10⁴元,2004年为254466×10⁴元。从1996到2004年生态系统服务价值共减少了23131×10⁴元,其中湿地和林地面积的减少是其主要原因。在各种土地利用类型中,林地、水体、湿地、园地产生的价值之和超过了总价值的90%。在各项服务功能中,水源涵养产生的价值最大,其次是废物处理,两者之和约占总价值的40%。从空间上来看,服务价值较高的地区主要分布在深圳市的东南和西南部,而服务价值较低的区域主要以中部为中心向周围扩散。     

探讨富集因子背景值的选择

为探讨富集因子(EF)背景值的选择,利用黑龙江省甘南县大气降尘重金属元素数据,分别选用黑龙江省A层土壤环境、平均大陆地壳、大陆上地壳为背景,计算Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb、As、Cu、Zn的EF值.研究表明,采用平均大陆地壳和大陆上地壳元素丰度作为背景值时,Pb、Zn、As等元素的EF均值大于2,元素富集一定程度上与人为输入作用有关;采用黑龙江省A层土壤作为背景,As元素EF均值小于2,元素在大气中的富集主要为自然输入;通过相关性分析,As与Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu同为自然源,结果与选用黑龙江省A层土壤为背景时判别结果较一致.本文认为,导致不同背景值取得的EF值差异较大的原因为自然条件下元素的富集和亏损,采用区域土壤元素背景值能够较为准确地判断大气降尘中元素的主要来源.     

太原市采暖期PM10中PAHs的碳同位素组成及源贡献率

在太原市7个点位采集采暖期PM10样品,用气相色谱-同位素质谱仪测定环境空气PM10和污染源(煤烟尘和机动车尾气)中9种多环芳烃(PAHs)的碳同位素组成(δ13C),并根据碳同位素质量平衡原理定量环境空气PAHs的源贡献率.结果表明:煤烟尘中PAHs随环数增加贫13C,机动车尾气中PAHs随环数增加富13C;各点位PAHs的δ13C值差别不大,变化趋势与煤烟尘基本一致,煤烟尘是城市PAHs的主要污染源;煤烟尘对各点位荧蒽和苯并[a]蒽的贡献率都大于机动车尾气,对 的贡献率与机动车尾气相当,煤烟尘是各点位荧蒽和苯并[a]蒽的主要来源, 是二者共同作用的结果;煤烟尘和机动车尾气对全市环境空气中荧蒽、苯并[ghi]荧蒽、苯并[a]蒽和苯并[b+k]荧蒽贡献率比都约为7:3,太原市环境空气PAHs污染属于煤烟尘和机动车尾气的复合污染.