陕南2000年“7·13”山地灾害成因分析及防御对策

论述了陕南地区中南端紫阳、镇巴两县 2 0 0 0年 7月 11～ 14暴雨降水特征 ,分析了 7月12～ 13日造成 2 36人死亡、 392人受伤、 7.95亿元人民币直接损失特大山地灾害的成因 ,并提出了该区今后防御与减少山地灾害的对策。     

Passive air sampling of organochlorine pesticides in a northeastern state of India, Manipur

Thirty-six polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed over a year during January to December, 2009 at three locations, i.e., Imphal (urban site), Thoubal (rural site) and Waithou (alpine site) of Manipur, to assess the seasonal local atmospheric emission of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The average concentration of HCHs monitored at mountain site during hot season (Mar, Apr, and May) and rainy seasons (Jun, Jul, Aug, and Sep) were 403 and 349 pg/m3, respectively. DDTs had a high concentration with 384 pg/m3 at rural site and 379 pg/m3 at urban site during hot seasons. Endosulfans and chlordane were found high in concentration during hot seasons (260 pg/m3) and low during retreating monsoon seasons (44 pg/m3) at rural site. Most of the OCPs concentrations were high during cultivation period. The OCP concentrations of rainy season were highly correlated (p < 0.01) with OCPs of hot seasons. Further, positive correlation (p < 0.05) was also obtained between cold seasons and retreating monsoon. Principal component analysis showed a significant correlation among the four seasons and distribution pattern of OCPs in air. Back trajectory analysis by using HYPSLIT model showed a long range air transport of OCPs to the present study area. Present OCP levels at Manipur is an outcome of both local emission and also movement of air mass by long range atmospheric transport.     

Harvesting of rainwater and brooklets water to increase mountain agricultural productivity: A case study from a dry valley of southwestern China

In semi-arid valleys of southwestern China, seasonal shortage of water is the major contributing factor to low and unstable crop yield. Harvesting of both rainwater and brooklets water in the semi-arid valleys of Ningnan county of Sichuan Province has brought about considerable economic and environmental change. Brooklet water is collected throughout the year but mainly during the rainy season in a series of ponds while rainwater is harvested in underground tanks constructed on road side or land boundaries with only a small opening above ground to save limited cropland. Increased water availability has promoted cultivation of sugarcane, tobacco, and mulberry, and increased per unit area yield of food crops. Sericulture, sugarcane and tobacco have become three important sources of farmers' income. The water harvesting has contributed considerably to increased rural income, poverty reduction, reduced soil erosion and improvement in overall environment. Government has played a key role in planning and implementation of water harvesting programmes. Financial support of government and clear ownership of water harvesting facilities are critical for the success of the programme. Application of similar water harvesting techniques in other areas with similar biophysical conditions would contribute to enhancing the rural economy and alleviating poverty.     

鄱阳湖区域旅游整体形象策划研究

在鄱阳湖区域内,以鄱阳湖为龙头,与周边湖口、星子、德安、永修、新建、南昌、进贤、余干、波阳、都昌诸县和九江市庐山区以及与鄱阳湖相近相通的南昌市区组成一个集名山、名江、名湖、名城为一体的独具特色的旅游圈。 为把鄱阳湖区域发展成为集旅游、度假、休闲、娱乐为一体的国内外著名的旅游目的地,湖区各级旅游组织和旅游目的地,应遵循整体性、地域性、市场性、持续性、大众参与性、可操作性原则,充分发挥鄱阳湖旅游业的经济、社会与环境功能,实施规模化经营、一体化发展战略,从理念识别（MI）、视觉识别（VI）、行为识别（BI）等角度协调构建旅游形象识别体系,在此基础上形成具有独特性与市场冲击力的总体形象理念,提炼出针对不同目标市场和消费群体的差异性极强的总体形象宣传口号,创造具有赣鄱特色的整体旅游新形象。根据鄱阳湖地脉、文脉、旅游资源特色与旅游产品主题,可将主题形象定位为：东方“山江湖”,世界“后花园”。与此相适应的整体形象宣传口号为：华夏“山江湖”都会之地,世界“山江湖”奇观胜境。     

华东森林及高山背景区域臭氧变化特征及影响因素

为了探讨华东森林及高山背景区域大气中地面O3质量浓度的变化特征,以及相关物质和气象因子对O3生成和变化的影响,选取国家大气背景监测福建武夷山站2011年3月～2012年2月O3为期1 a的监测数据,研究其浓度变化特征和影响因子,并利用后向轨迹模式探讨区域输送对华东森林及高山背景区域O3质量浓度的影响.结果表明,华东森林及高山区域O3背景浓度为(87.9±34.1)μg.m-3;O3浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,春季>秋季>夏季>冬季;与其它气体污染物的相关性分析结果表明,O3来源于远距离水平输送、平流层注入和光化学反应生成;来自高空、长三角地区、珠三角地区气团的输送导致武夷山背景点O3浓度出现极大值.     

基于地理探测器的喀斯特植被NPP定量归因

植被净第一性生产力(NPP)作为生态系统功能的重要指标,既可以反映植被的生长状况,又是生物圈内碳循环的重要分量.喀斯特地区植被NPP的研究是植被建设和生态系统恢复的重要基础,其影响因素的定量识别对喀斯特地区的生态恢复与区域可持续发展具有重要意义.在高精度NDVI数据反演的基础上,运用CASA模型模拟贵州省典型峰丛洼地区...     

山区环境破坏的现状和保护的对策

我国山区的环境破坏情况令人触目惊心。却是一个差不多让环境保护遗忘的角落．不要只关心城市。不要只关心名山大河,不要只关心“病人膏肓”的环境问题．如果放任山区环境恶化,有朝一日也到了“不可救药”的地步,其代价将是不可估量的。     

江苏省山体资源保护区划及对策

山体资源是空间资源、生物资源、水资源、景观资源、矿产资源叠加的重要地理空间,是支撑地区经济和社会可持续发展的重要资源基地。因此,合理划定山体资源保护区域,对改善生态环境意义重大。将山体资源概括为山体有别于平原的自然景观及所承载的人文景观的总称,基于区域连续性、内部同一性、概念一致性、公众认知性、区域稀缺性等原则,厘定了江苏1 154个山体的空间分布特征。以此调查研究成果为基础,从山体资源的自然属性和社会属性考虑,构建了由3个目标层、6个约束层和11项指标层组成的江苏山体资源保护区划评价指标体系,在MAPGIS技术支持下,采用综合指数模型,将各区划因子按其权重进行空间代数叠加,将182个山体划分为山体资源自然保护红线区、214个山体划分为山体资源自然保护黄线区、293个山体划分为山体资源自然保护绿线区、464个山体划为山体资源适宜开发区。提出编制山体资源保护规划、科学评价山体资源保护价值、实现山体资源的动态监控等山体资源保护对策。     

山地城市典型区域地表径流污染迁移空间特征

选取包括山体和城市活动区域等下垫面在内的典型区域,对山地城市地表径流污染迁移特征、降雨等级和降雨强度对污染迁移的影响进行了研究,并分析了从小雨到暴雨等5场典型降雨条件下污染物赋存形态的变化。结果表明,受迁移段人为活动区域的影响,污染物呈现先升高再降低的趋势,入湖前化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH3-N)的浓度分别在26.6~87.1、0.87~6.96、0.08~0.28和0.52~1.48 mg/L之间。溶解性COD(DCOD)、溶解性TN(DTN)、溶解性TP(DTP)和溶解性NH3-N(DNH3-N)分别占总污染物的55%~79%、83%~98%、18%~61%和55%~79%。除DTN外,其他3种污染物溶解态浓度占总浓度的百分比随降雨等级和雨强的增大而增大。NH3-N、COD、TP浓度与TSS浓度呈正相关,DCOD、DTN、DTP浓度与总悬浮物(TSS)浓度无相关性。TSS与场降雨的最大雨强呈现正相关。     

武当山土壤的粘粒矿物与表面电荷性质

本文研究了湖北省武当山风景区石英云母片岩发育的７个土样的粘土矿物组成、粘粒氧化物含量。土壤电荷量及电荷零点．结果表明：（１）供试土壤粘土矿物均以２∶１型矿物占优势，在海拔４４０ｍ以下的土壤中主要是水云母和蛭石，在海拔６７０ｍ以上的土壤中主要是１．４ｎｍ过渡矿物、绿泥石和水云母；（２）土液粘粘中氧化铁和氧化铝的含量、粘粒硅铝率及氧化铁的游离度随海拔的变化而变化的趋势不甚明显，但非晶形铝铁氧化物的含量及氧化铝和铁的活化度随海拔升高而趋于增加；（３）土壤可变负电荷量、阴离子吸附量和电荷零点随海拔升高而趋于增加。