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181.
马丽 《城市环境与城市生态》2009,(2)
论述了英国实现污染物减排环境治理方面的成功经验和做法,其主要有健全完善的法规政策体系,强化运用环境经济手段,建立节能减排的长效机制,建立科学、成熟的战略环评体系(SEA),用最佳可行技术(BAT)防止和减少污染排放,注重公众参与促进全民减排。依据英国实现污染物减排环境治理方面的成功经验和做法,结合目前我国污染物减排工作的实际,对我国污染物减排工作提出了相应的对策与建议。 相似文献
182.
The successful performance adjustment of team newcomers is an increasingly important consideration given the prevalence of job‐changing and the uncertainty associated with starting work in a new team setting. Consequently, using sensemaking and uncertainty reduction theories as a conceptual basis, the present study tested work experience as a potential resource for newcomer performance adjustment in teams. Specifically, we tested work experience as a multidimensional predictor of both initial newcomer performance and the rate of performance change after team entry. We tested hypotheses using longitudinal newcomer performance data in the context of professional basketball teams. Although the traditional quantitative indicators of the length and amount of work experience were not meaningfully associated with newcomer performance adjustment, their interaction was. In addition, the qualitative indicator of newcomers' past transition experience revealed a significant, positive association with the rate of newcomer performance improvement following team entry. These results suggest that work experience is a meaningful facilitator of newcomer adjustment in teams and emphasize the dual consideration of both quantitative and qualitative work experiences. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
183.
我国环境保护规划的分析与展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
回顾了我国环境保护规划的发展历程,剖析了当前我国环境保护规划存在的问题,认为现阶段我国环境保护规划存在缺乏法律效力、法律地位不足、规划编制不规范、设区的市缺少环境保护总体规划、规划衔接不够、实施监管机制不完善和公众参与缺乏实质性等问题;对比分析了我国与美国和荷兰这2个发达国家的环境保护规划,总结了可以借鉴的国际经验;结合我国环境保护工作的形势和环境保护规划的发展,提出完善法律机制、设区的市编制环境保护总体规划、加强规划衔接、建立实施监管机制和加强公众参与等建议,确保其成为参与政府综合决策的有效手段,使其更加权威、规范和科学. 相似文献
184.
健全全民所有自然资源资产管理体制,是实现自然资源资产合理使用和有效保护、发挥社会主义公有制优势、推动生态文明建设的重要举措.提炼三江源国家公园在自然资源资产管理体制改革过程中的典型实践,梳理其改革经验与启示,为探索建设以国家公园为代表的自然保护地体系内自然资源资产管理积累"青海经验"、做出"青海贡献". 相似文献
185.
Tickner JA Geiser K Coffin M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(2):115-123
- Sustainable chemistry - Section editors:
Klaus Günter Steinhäuser, Steffi Richter, Petra Greiner, Jutta Penning, Michael AngrickBackground, Aim and Scope Recent developments in European chemicals policy, including the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) proposal, provide a unique opportunity to examine the U.S. experience in promoting sustainable chemistry as well as the strengths and weaknesses of existing policies. Indeed, the problems of industrial chemicals and limitations in current regulatory approaches to address chemical risks are strikingly similar on both sides of the Atlantic. We provide an overview of the U.S. regulatory system for chemicals management and its relationship to efforts promoting sustainable chemistry. We examine federal and state and examine lessons learned from this system that can be applied to developing more integrated, sustainable approaches to chemicals management.Main Features There is truly no one U.S. chemicals policy, but rather a series of different un-integrated policies at the federal, regional, state and local levels. While centerpiece U.S. Chemicals Policy, the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, has resulted in the development of a comprehensive, efficient rapid screening process for new chemicals, agency action to manage existing chemicals has been very limited. The agency, however, has engaged in a number of successful, though highly underfunded, voluntary data collection, pollution prevention, and sustainable design programs that have been important motivators for sustainable chemistry. Policy innovation in the establishment of numerous state level initiatives on persistent and bioaccumulative toxics, chemical restrictions and toxics use reduction have resulted in pressure on the federal government to augment its efforts.Results and Conclusions It is clear that data collection on chemical risks and phase-outs of the most egregious chemicals alone will not achieve the goals of sustainable chemistry. These alone will also not internalize the cultural and institutional changes needed to ensure that design and implementation of safer chemicals, processes, and products are the focus of the future. Thus, a more holistic approach of ‘carrots and sticks’ that involves not just chemical producers but those who use and purchase chemicals is necessary. Some important lessons of the US experience in chemicals management include: (1) the need for good information on chemicals flows, toxic risks, and safer substances.; (2) the need for comprehensive planning processes for chemical substitution and reduction to avoid risk trade-offs and ensure product quality; (3) the need for technical and research support to firms for innovation in safer chemistry; and (4) the need for rapid screening processes and tools for comparison of alternative chemicals, materials, and products. 相似文献
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在考察分析北京市“白色污染”现状的基础上,归纳出目前治理“白色污染”过程存在的6个问题。针对这些问题,梳理国内外治理“白色污染”经验,同时提出了“源头控制、逐步替代,宣传教育、减量使用,鼓励回收、健全网络,重修法规、强化监管,奥运期间、齐抓共管”的治理建议。 相似文献
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Nakata K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(10):853-857
Animals obtain information from past foraging experience to adjust their foraging activity according to their environment.
The ability of spiders to obtain information from unsuccessful predation experiences was investigated by examining the effects
on web building, a significant foraging investment, of prey detection without successful capture in the orb-web spider Cyclosa octotuberculata. Four treatments were employed: (1) successful capture and feeding: one syrphid fly was allowed to be captured and consumed
by the spider on the web; (2) single prey-item detection: a syrphid fly was placed on the web to lure the spider, but was
removed before capture; (3) five prey-item detection: above prey-item detection stimulus was given five times; and, (4) control:
neither prey nor feeding on the web. While control spiders decreased the total thread length and capture area of their webs,
prey-item detection spiders in both conditions increased them, indicating that the spider obtained information from unsuccessful
predation experience to adjust their foraging investment. The fed spiders exhibited a significantly greater increase than
the prey-detection-only spiders, suggesting that prey detection alone and prey detection with consumption had different informational
effects. Total thread length did not differ between single and five prey-item detection spiders, but distance between two
adjacent sticky spirals increased only in the former spiders, possibly because five times unsuccessful predations prevented
spiders to reduce web stickiness. It suggests that the spider changed web morphology according to the number of prey detection. 相似文献