氧化沟在汽车工业小区污水处理上的应用

根据汽车城工业污水水质特点,采用水解酸化氧化沟处理工艺,出水水质确保达到二级排放标准,设计上尽量按一级排放标准考虑。该文主要阐述氧化沟工艺的特点以及污水厂设计参数选择和一些体会。     

BOD_5测试方法的改进

根据多年污水常规监测及实验室内质控样的分析,得出经验常数,引用前人推导的公式,对确定BOD5测定过程中稀释倍数的常规方法进行了改进,以达到降低工作强度,提高监测人员工作效率的目的。     

Women's experiences with second trimester prenatal diagnosis

By means of questionnaires, 100 women were asked for their experiences concerning prenatal diagnosis. At four standardized stages of the pregnancy a questionnaire was filled in asking for: expectation, knowledge, attitude towards termination of the pregnancy in case of abnormal findings, reactions to the counselling and the obstetric treatment, interpretation of own risk, experiences since the normal test results were known and ideas to improve the treatment. With regard to the effect of pre-amniocentesis counselling it is concluded that the counselling had little impact on decision making; the counselling caused an increase of factual knowledge: somewhat more than half of the women who did not give a correct answer before counselling, indicated the right answer some time afterwards. Presumed differences in reaction patterns for a number of characteristics were not affirmed by the study; the reactions during the procedure of prenatal diagnosis seem to be highly individual and difficult to predict. In addition to the reactions of the 100 women described in this study, the responses to the first questionnaire of another 16 patients, declining amniocentesis after counselling, are presented.     

天祝县在地震应急救援中的经验方法研究

本文分析研究了1990年10月20日天祝、景泰6．2级地震与1996年6月1日天祝、古浪5．4级地震前后，天祝县在防震减灾与地震应急救援体系中的实践经验和方法，以及产生的社会与经济效益．天祝县在地震应急救援中的措施和做法曾被甘肃省、国家地震局、武威地区所肯定，在巴黎中法地震科技合作交流会上，原国家地震局方樟顺局长以此作为典型介绍，得到了法国地震科学家的高度评价与赞赏．在破坏性地震还威胁人类的今天，尤其是在新的地震活动期内，面临着地震破坏的严重现实，研究总结天祝县在地震应急救援中的经验方法，指导各级政府完善防震减灾对策和应急预案，具有重要的实际意义。     

天祝县在地震应急救援中的经验方法研究

本文分析研究了1990年10月20日天祝、景泰6.2级地震与1996年6月1日天祝、古浪5.4级地震前后,天祝县在防震减灾与地震应急救援体系中的实践经验和方法,以及产生的社会与经济效益。天祝县在地震应急救援中的措施和做法曾被甘肃省、国家地震局、武威地区所肯定,在巴黎中法地震科技合作交流会上,原国家地震局方樟顺局长以此作为典型介绍,得到了法国地震科学家的高度评价与赞赏。在破坏性地震还威胁人类的今天,尤其是在新的地震活动期内,面临着地震破坏的严重现实,研究总结天祝县在地震应急救援中的经验方法,指导各级政府完善防震减灾对策和应急预案,具有重要的实际意义。     

Physiological signal analysis for fatigue level of experienced and inexperienced drivers

Objective: We studied the changes in driving fatigue levels of experienced and inexperienced drivers at 3 periods of the day: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m.

Methods: Thirty drivers were involved in 120-min real-car driving, and sleepiness ratings (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS; Hoddes et al. 1973 Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10:431–436.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. Together with principal component analysis, the relationship between EEG signals and HR was explored and used to determine a comprehensive indicator of driving fatigue. Then the comprehensive indicator was assessed via paired t test.

Results: Experienced and inexperienced drivers behaved significantly differently in terms of subjective fatigue during preliminary trials. At the beginning of trials and after termination, subjective fatigue level was aggravated with prolonged continuous driving. Moreover, we discussed the changing rules of EEG signals and HR and found that with prolonged time, the ratios of δ and β waves significantly declined, whereas that of the θ wave significantly rose. The ratio of (α + θ)/β significantly rose both before trials and after termination, but HR dropped significantly. However, one-factor analysis of variance shows that driving experience significantly affects the θ wave, (α + θ)/β ratio, and HR.

Conclusions: We found that in a monotonous road environment, fatigue symptoms occurred in inexperienced drivers and experienced drivers after about 60 and 80 min of continuous driving, respectively. Therefore, as for drivers with different experiences, restriction on continuous driving time would avoid fatigued driving and thereby eliminate traffic accidents. We find that the comprehensive indicator changes significantly with fatigue level. The integration of different indicators improves the recognition accuracy of different driving fatigue levels.     

中外清洁生产背景的比较及其对我国的启示

清洁生产是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径。本文从中外比较的角度,分析了国外清洁生产的成功经验和中外实施清洁生产的背景差异,提出了今后我国在实施清洁生产战略时,应重视的几个方面,即完善实施前提,发挥政府与产业部门的作用,加强科学研究与教育培训     

重大活动空气质量保障预报会商机制及经验探讨

重大活动空气质量保障预报会商已经成为保障过程中的重要环节,旨在以精细化空气质量预报为环境管理部门制定高效可行的区域大气污染管控措施提供关键技术依据。预报会商机制可有效规范区域联动预报会商的开展,在多个重大活动空气质量保障中,预报会商机制已日益完善,尤其是在强化立体化监测网、开展多技术组协同作业、建立多维预报会商流程、提升多种重点污染物预报能力等方面积累了大量宝贵的实践经验。该文首次系统性探讨国内空气质量保障预报会商机制和经验,以期为今后承办重大活动的地区开展空气质量保障预报会商提供借鉴。     

对县级环境监测站计量认证工作的建议

结合陕西省县级监测站在《计量认证》工作中存在的实际情况,从人员少素质低、实验室硬软件差、机构设置不合理等几个方面,对照新、旧《计量认证》评审准则的区别与要求,有针对性的提出从加强县级监测站自身业务能力建设与学习、新的《检验检测机构资质认定评审准则》的学习、质量体系文件的编写及质量体系的建立、质量体系的试运行、现场评审等五个方面的工作,总结了关于做好《计量认证》工作的一些经验,并提出了好的建议和意见,这为县级环境监测站进一步搞好《计量认证》工作提供了参考和借鉴.     

Not seeing is not believing: volunteer beliefs about Burmese pythons in Florida and implications for public participation in invasive species removal

Public engagement is important to invasive species management, and recreational harvest programs are one way agencies seek to involve the public and raise awareness. We surveyed participants (n = 660) and non-participants (n = 77) in the 2013 Python Challenge^TM to understand whether this event achieved its primary goal of raising awareness of the ecological impact of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) in south Florida. Respondents indicated a high level of ‘concern’ about the seriousness of the python problem and the need for management actions. Concern was affected positively by environmental motivations, experience of seeing pythons in the wild, older age, and female sex, but negatively by level of Python Challenge involvement. Results suggest that ‘proximate’ experience of not seeing a python may reduce concern, whereas ‘ongoing’ experience may temper concern without diminishing involvement. This research highlights the role of experience in shaping beliefs and advises diligence in public participation programs.