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91.
A.P. Galvín F. Agrela J. Ayuso M.G. Beltrán A. Barbudo 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(9):1693-1704
Each year, millions of tonnes of waste are generated worldwide, partially through the construction and demolition of buildings. Recycling the resulting waste could reduce the amount of materials that need to be manufactured. Accordingly, the present work has analysed the potential reuse of construction waste in concrete manufacturing by replacing the natural aggregate with recycled concrete coarse aggregate.However, incorporating alternative materials in concrete manufacturing may increase the pollutant potential of the product, presenting an environmental risk via ground water contamination.The present work has tested two types of concrete batches that were manufactured with different replacement percentages. The experimental procedure analyses not only the effect of the portion of recycled aggregate on the physical properties of concrete but also on the leaching behaviour as indicative of the contamination degree. Thus, parameters such as slump, density, porosity and absorption of hardened concrete, were studied. Leaching behaviour was evaluated based on the availability test performed to three aggregates (raw materials of the concrete batches) and on the diffusion test performed to all concrete.From an environmental point of view, the question of whether the cumulative amount of heavy metals that are released by diffusion reaches the availability threshold was answered. The analysis of concentration levels allowed the establishment of different groups of metals according to the observed behaviour, the analysis of the role of pH and the identification of the main release mechanisms. Finally, through a statistical analysis, physical parameters and diffusion data were interrelated. It allowed estimating the relevance of porosity, density and absorption of hardened concrete on diffusion release of the metals in study. 相似文献
92.
“不谴责”安全文化的机理与运用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
刘景凯 《中国安全生产科学技术》2011,7(6):87-91
安全生产的形势正在实现持续好转,但因人员违章和不安全行为引发的事故仍未根本杜绝,人因问题成为当今安全管理和文化建设研究一项十分重要的课题。通过行为安全研究和管理体系分析表明,规章制度的完整性、有效性、可操作性及员工的接受能力等因素,都将影响到员工遵章程度和安全行为。不加区分对待和从管理的深层次剖析,对违章和不安全行为一律强调和执行严厉处罚的纪律处理,并不能很好的解决人员违章问题。本文通过对人员行为安全、规章制度建设和管理体系的全面分析,阐述了"不谴责"安全文化建设的工作原理,针对不同的安全管理阶段和工作实际,提出了推行基于"公平和公正"这一"不谴责"安全文化的具体对策,对解决企业当前安全管理工作中所遇到的一些问题,有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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Michael R. Greenberg 《The Environmentalist》2003,23(2):159-173
A relationship between individual health-oriented actions and neighborhood civic activities is proposed, as is a relationship between these behaviors and a personality that seeks information from multiple sources. The proposed relationship was tested with a sample of 367 residents of New Jersey, USA. Respondents who had their eyes examined and screening tests for chronic diseases, and engaged in other individually oriented health-protecting behaviors were also more likely to have engaged in neighborhood civic activities, such as calling on elected officials and participating in neighborhood functions. As expected, specific personality attributes were associated with both sets of health-protecting activities, including outreach to multiple sources for information and help, a strong sense of efficacy, and trust of authority and neighbors. The relationship between personality and health-protecting behaviors was confounded by age and formal education. However, the relationship with personality measures persisted after controlling for age and education. The shortcomings of the research are reviewed, and implications of these observations for building a broader theory that links environmental education to civic engagement and individual health-protecting behaviors are discussed. 相似文献
96.
用离子色谱法(简称IC)测定有害工业固体废物浸出液中的氟化物,其测定方法较化学法(离子选择电极法)手续简便、快速、准确. 相似文献
97.
Rats use multiple sources of information to maintain spatial orientation. Although previous work has focused on rats’ use
of environmental cues, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that rats also use self-movement cues to organize navigation.
This review examines the extent that kinematic analysis of naturally occurring behavior has provided insight into processes
that mediate dead-reckoning-based navigation. This work supports a role for separate systems in processing self-movement cues
that converge on the hippocampus. The compass system is involved in deriving directional information from self-movement cues;
whereas, the odometer system is involved in deriving distance information from self-movement cues. The hippocampus functions
similar to a logbook in that outward path unique information from the compass and odometer is used to derive the direction
and distance of a path to the point at which movement was initiated. Finally, home base establishment may function to reset
this system after each excursion and anchor environmental cues to self-movement cues. The combination of natural behaviors
and kinematic analysis has proven to be a robust paradigm to investigate the neural basis of spatial orientation. 相似文献
98.
Introduction: The growth of the European market for road-freight transport has recently led to important changes. The growing number of foreign pavilion drivers transiting in France, which plays a bridging role among European countries, has influenced the lives of truck drivers by increasing competition, pressure on day-to-day activities, and constraints related to delivery deadlines. Adding this new pressure to those inherent in the road-freight transport sector has raised concerns, especially ones linked to levels of perceived stress by truck drivers. Method: With safety concerns in mind, we devised a questionnaire aimed at understanding how French truck drivers and non-French truck drivers, passing through four highway rest areas in France perceive stress, organizational factors, mental health, and risky driving behaviors. A sample of 515 truck drivers took part in the survey (260 French nationals), 97.9% of whom were male. Results: The results of a structural equation model indicated that perceived stress can increase self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers. Furthermore, organizational factors and mental health were closely linked to perceived stress. Finally, some differences were found between French and non-French truck drivers with respect to mind-wandering and mental health, and to perceive driving difficulties to overcome and driving skills. Practical Applications: Several recommendations based on the findings are provided to policymakers and organizations. 相似文献
99.
为探究输气管道高后果区中人的不安全行为(Unsafe Human Behaviors,UHBs)对输气管道泄漏燃爆事故发生的影响,结合模糊Bow-tie模型和贝叶斯网络对输气管道泄漏燃爆事故进行分析。构建基于T-S模糊故障树的输气管道泄漏燃爆模糊Bow-tie模型,并转化为贝叶斯网络;从人的不安全行为发生的可能性出发,将不同等级高后果区划分为不同等级人口敏感区;利用专家经验评判法得到不同等级人口敏感区基本事件的先验概率和中间事件的条件概率表;运用贝叶斯网络双向推理算法求解模糊Bow-tie模型。结果表明:随着地区人口敏感等级的提高,输气管道泄漏燃爆事故发生的概率随之增大,发现导致输气管道失效泄漏事故发生的最主要原因为施工破坏,失效原因与EGIG分析的结果基本相符,验证该方法在高后果区输气管道泄漏燃爆事故分析上的可行性,可为输气管道高后果区的安全管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
100.
为了明确铝灰渣的环境危害特征,于2019年4月和9月分别对广西典型铝冶炼、加工、再生企业进行了调查。利用铝灰渣与水反应的氨气释放率测定分光光度法等方法,对不同环节产生铝灰渣的浸出毒性、反应性、腐蚀性、易燃性进行评价分析。结果表明,铝灰渣浸出液中主要危害因子是氟化物,而非金属元素。氟化物质量浓度为2~1370 mg/L,原铝冶炼环节所产生的铝灰渣质量浓度最高。铝合金加工原辅料和末端处理方式会改变氟化物浸出质量浓度。铝灰渣反应性的氨气释放率为3.3~6.0 mg/kg,释放率和环境风险属于较低水平。铝灰渣在纯水中浸出液pH值为8.65~11.98,不具备腐蚀性;在1200℃条件下无法点燃,不具备易燃性。氟化物浸出和氨气释放是铝灰渣最需防范的环境危害,可作为其分类管理和无害化处置的依据。 相似文献