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61.
Plant uptake of trace elements on a Swiss military shooting range: uptake pathways and land management implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robinson BH Bischofberger S Stoll A Schroer D Furrer G Roulier S Gruenwald A Attinger W Schulin R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):668-676
Over 400tons of Pb enters Swiss soils annually at some 2000 military shooting ranges (MSRs). We measured elements in the leaves of 10 plant species and associated rhizospheric soil on the stop butt of a disused MSR. The geometric mean concentrations of Pb, Sb, Cu, Ni in rhizospheric soils were 10,171mg/kg, 5067mg/kg, 4125mg/kg and 917mg/kg. Some species contained Pb, Cu and Ni, above concentrations (30mg/kg, 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg) shown to be toxic to livestock. Most contaminants in leaves resulted from surface deposition. However, at soil Pb concentrations >60,000mg/kg, Equisetum arvense and Tussilago farfara took up >1000mg/kg Pb into the leaves. These plants are not hyperaccumulators, having <100mg/kg Pb in leaves at lower soil concentrations. Removal of soil with more than 30,000 Pb, from which one could smelt this metal to offset remediation costs, followed by revegetation, would minimise dust and hence leaf-borne contaminants. 相似文献
62.
SREEKANTH B. JONNALAGADDA ANDREW KINDNESS VIREN CHUNILALL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):747-764
The impact of coal mine dump contaminated soil on the elemental uptake by two edible plants, namely, Amaranthus dubius (red herbs) and Amaranthus hybridus (green herbs), was studied by investigating their response and ability to tolerate and accumulate varying levels of elements in their roots and shoots. The vegetation was grown on varying amounts of contaminated soil, viz. 0%, 5%, 15%, 25% w/w using coal mine dump soil. The soil was analyzed for soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), moisture content, and selected heavy metals. The distribution of six metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Mn, and Fe, in roots, stem, and leaves of the plants was determined in two stages of growth after 5 weeks and 10 weeks. All soil and plant samples were microwave digested and subjected to heavy metal analysis using the ICP-OES, GFAAS, and CVAAS. The pH of the coal mine dump contaminated soil decreased with an increase in contamination. Both the SOM and CEC values decreased, which increases the availability of elements, by providing more binding sites in the soil. Relatively, the red herbs had higher elemental concentrations than the green herbs. Both plants recorded high manganese accumulation. No mercury was detected in the soils or plants. 相似文献
63.
Burger J Gochfeld M Jeitner C Gray M Shukla T Shukla S Burke S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):311-321
Kelp may be useful as a bioindicator because they are primary producers that are eaten by higher trophic level organisms,
including people and livestock. Often when kelp or other algae species are used as bioindicators, the whole organism is homogenized.
However, some kelp can be over 25 m long from their holdfast to the tip of the blade, making it important to understand how
contaminant levels vary throughout the plant. We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury
and selenium in five different parts of the kelp Alaria nana to examine the variability of metal distribution. To be useful as a bioindicator, it is critical to know whether levels are
constant throughout the kelp, or which part is the highest accumulator. Kelp were collected on Adak Island in the Aleutian
Chain of Alaska from the Adak Harbor and Clam Cove, which opens onto the Bering Sea. In addition to determining if the levels
differ in different parts of the kelp, we wanted to determine whether there were locational or size-related differences. Regression
models indicated that between 14% and 43% of the variation in the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese, mercury,
and selenium was explained by total length, part of the plant, and location (but not for lead). The main contributors to variability
were length (for arsenic and selenium), location (mercury), and part of the plant (for arsenic, cadmium, chromium and manganese).
The higher levels of selenium occurred at Clam Cove, while mercury was higher at the harbor. Where there was a significant
difference among parts, the holdfast had the highest levels, although the differences were not great. These data indicate
that consistency should be applied in selecting the part of kelp (and the length) to be used as a bioindicator. While any
part of Alaria could be collected for some metals, for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and manganese a conversion should be made among parts.
In the Aleutians the holdfast can be perennial while the blade, whipped to pieces by winter wave action, is regrown each year.
Thus the holdfast may be used for longer-term exposure for arsenic, cadmium, chromium and manganese, while the blade can be
used for short-term exposure for all metals. Cadmium, lead and selenium were at levels that suggest that predators, including
people, may be at risk from consuming Alaria. More attention should be devoted to heavy metal levels in kelp and other algae from Adak, particularly where they may play
a role in a subsistence diets. 相似文献
64.
研究了从二壬基萘磺酸-二(2-乙基己基)膦酸(DNNSA-P204)负载有机相中反萃铅的影响因素.考察了反萃剂种类、反萃时间、反萃温度、反萃剂浓度和反萃油水比(VO/VA)对负载有机相中铅反萃的影响.实验结果表明,硝酸为最佳反萃剂,反萃平衡的时间为5 min,低温有利于反萃.反萃过程为放热过程,过程焓变为-942.7 J·mol-1.广角激光光散射和FT-IR结果表明:DNNSA浓度不变时,DNNSA-P204形成的混合反胶团随着P204浓度的增加而变大,负载有机相中的铅以Pb AD形式增溶进入混合反胶团内水相中.经多次反萃后,萃取剂DNNSA-P204对铅仍有较好的萃取能力.当反萃时间为5 min,温度为298 K,油水比为2∶1,硝酸浓度为0.6 mol·L-1时,反萃率可达到70%. 相似文献
65.
66.
公路两侧土壤中铅的分布规律研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
我们对干线公路两侧土壤中的分布规律进行了研究,得出了公路两土壤铅的一与离公路国边沿的距离符合高斯衰减分布模型,通过比较在正常速率行驶和台速行驶路段的模型参数,对公路两侧土壤中铅含量的影响因素进行了讨论。 相似文献
67.
68.
69.
Lee DJ 《Chemosphere》2006,63(11):1903-1911
The alkalinity of cementitious materials rectifies a low pH of leachant to be over 12 in leaching. The rapid change of leachant pH produces the remarked variation of solubility of heavy metals in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The release of lead on cementitious solid waste forms in leaching was observed in the pH range of particularly 12. The release of lead is significant dependant on the changed values of leachant pH. The pH static leaching procedure (PSLP) was implemented for assessing a quantitative measurement of total potential leachability with the continuing addition of acidic leachant up to the point of no change of leachant pH. The release of lead on Pb-doped solidified waste forms (SWF), in the PSLP, was 27.0% of initial concentration at the maximum meq CH3COOH (about 24.0) added to g dry solidified wastes. In this study, the immobilization effect of calcite on SWF was investigated in the acidic condition by the PSLP. Calcite additions to SWF make a good fixation efficiency of about 92%. Calcite addition abundantly provides the acid neutralization capacity to protect SWF from the attack of acid, with the marked development of hydrated minerals (mainly portlandite and C–S–H) in accordance with the accelerating effect of cement hydration. 相似文献
70.
Lead contamination is a significant health hazard in communities around the world, but this environmental toxin often remains unknown to residents living near hazardous sites. This research investigates a unique case where residents were informed of lead contamination but rejected official and scientific narratives regarding environmental risks. The case study involves a decommissioned smelter in Colorado. Drawing from data collected over three years, the researchers examine how officials and experts communicated the severity of environmental health hazards. Despite these efforts, residents opposed the Environmental Protection Agency’s attempts to place the site on the National Priorities List for federal cleanup. The government’s framing of science and environmental risk failed to resonate with homeowners, despite the known and significant scientific evidence confirming environmental health hazards, and residents’ perceptions of lead contamination were mitigated by material concerns, including property values and community stigma. Implications for future research on lead contamination, environmental risk, and trust in science are discussed. 相似文献