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71.
Lee DJ 《Chemosphere》2006,63(11):1903-1911
The alkalinity of cementitious materials rectifies a low pH of leachant to be over 12 in leaching. The rapid change of leachant pH produces the remarked variation of solubility of heavy metals in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The release of lead on cementitious solid waste forms in leaching was observed in the pH range of particularly 12. The release of lead is significant dependant on the changed values of leachant pH. The pH static leaching procedure (PSLP) was implemented for assessing a quantitative measurement of total potential leachability with the continuing addition of acidic leachant up to the point of no change of leachant pH. The release of lead on Pb-doped solidified waste forms (SWF), in the PSLP, was 27.0% of initial concentration at the maximum meq CH3COOH (about 24.0) added to g dry solidified wastes. In this study, the immobilization effect of calcite on SWF was investigated in the acidic condition by the PSLP. Calcite additions to SWF make a good fixation efficiency of about 92%. Calcite addition abundantly provides the acid neutralization capacity to protect SWF from the attack of acid, with the marked development of hydrated minerals (mainly portlandite and C–S–H) in accordance with the accelerating effect of cement hydration. 相似文献
72.
重金属因其具有高毒性、致癌性和潜在的生物积累性,引发的环境问题受到广泛关注。为精确监测环境中的重金属污染,结合电化学分析和离子印迹技术的优势,构筑了对铅离子的高灵敏电化学传感器。利用铅离子作为模板,采用3-(γ-氨基乙氨基)-丙基-三甲基硅烷作为功能单体,在介孔硅表面,通过共缩聚法制备了离子印迹聚合物,并将其作为电化学传感器的核心识别元件。经过优化碳糊电极的组成,制备了一系列高选择性的离子印迹电化学传感器,并对其电化学行为进行了分析。测试结果表明,所制传感器对铅离子的检测线性范围为10-9~10-6 mol/L,且检出限达到1.3×10-11mol/L(信噪比=3)。在对河水和大米等实际样品的检测中,传感器展现了高灵敏性(相对标准偏差为2.5%~7.4%)和高准确性(回收率为98.8%~102.9%),表明其在环境监测和食品安全检测方面具有应用潜力。 相似文献
73.
Skibniewska KA 《Environment international》2003,28(8):703-709
Daily intake of lead, cadmium, aluminium, radiocaesium, DDT and metabolites, and lindane in the whole-day food rations collected in hospital canteens in Kraków, ?ód?, Olsztyn and Poznań in winters of 1993-1994, 1995 and 1996 were determined. The diets contained almost 40 microg of cadmium, corresponding to 70% of PTWI, and compared to the levels recognised as safe (ADI or PTWI) small amounts of the other contaminants. The highest content of Pb, Cd, Al and lindane was determined in the diets collected in Kraków, that of radiocaesium in ?ód?, and DDT level was the highest in Poznań. The whole-day food rations from Olsztyn, situated in a region called "green lungs of Poland", were not statistically less contaminated than the diets from the other towns. The Pb and radiocaesium levels decreased significantly with time. 相似文献
75.
悬浮液进样石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定土壤、底泥中的铅、镓、钴、镍 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍一种悬浮液进样直接测定土壤、底泥中多种微量金属元素的快速分析方法。基体改进剂的使用,适宜的原子化温度的选择,使用水相标准溶液作校准曲线成为可能.对标准作品的测定证明了此方法的精密度和准确度较好,适合于常规环境样品分析. 相似文献
76.
77.
The possibility of finding new medicines from natural sources is one of the more commonly cited reasons for preserving biodiversity,
and employing indigenous knowledge of traditional healing remedies greatly increases the likelihood of discovering these hidden
medicinal compounds. The main difficulties in using natural products as a source for pharmaceutical lead compounds involve
separating the plethora of compounds from the original extract, as well as the gamble of time and money invested in an activity
that may not yield a novel compound. However, while these difficulties exist, the potential of natural products still far
outweighs the limitations of the simple structures and known modes of action of synthetic lead compounds. As such, the production
of novel medicines, particularly for cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatments as well as the inhibition of
antibiotic-resistant bacteria, now requires the utilization of natural products. This paper provides a review of the current
methods used in elucidating pharmaceutical lead compounds from natural sources, focusing on plant samples in particular. 相似文献
78.
Urban geochemistry: research strategies to assist risk assessment and remediation of brownfield sites in urban areas 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Thornton I Farago ME Thums CR Parrish RR McGill RA Breward N Fortey NJ Simpson P Young SD Tye AM Crout NM Hough RL Watt J 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(6):565-576
Urban geochemical maps of Wolverhampton and Nottingham, based on multielement analysis of surface soils, have shown distribution
patterns of “total” metals concentrations relating to past and present industrial and domestic land use and transport systems.
Several methods have been used to estimate the solubility and potential bioavailability of metals, their mineral forms and
potential risks to urban population groups. These include sequential chemical extraction, soil pore water extraction and analysis,
mineralogical analysis by scanning electron microscopy, source apportionment by lead isotope analysis and the development
of models to predict metal uptake by homegrown vegetables to provide an estimate of risk from metal consumption and exposure.
The results from these research strategies have been integrated with a geographical information system (GIS) to provide data
for future land-use planning. 相似文献
79.
Davies BE 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(6):639-646
In 2002, The (UK) Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) together with the Environment Agency published
document SGV10 “Contaminants in soil: collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans. Lead”. This publication
sets out the derivation of Soil Guideline Values for lead contamination. Values for soil lead that are protective of the health
of children and also for adults are derived using the model recommended by an international task force working under the auspices
of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH) (Wixson and Davies 1993, 1994). Detailed examination of the DEFRA publication shows it uses unrealistic values for two variables in the SEGH model. The
consequence is both actual and has potential adverse societal impacts. These impacts could be avoided if the appropriate scientific
community were regarded as stakeholders in the legislative outcome and not simply the providers of the research data. 相似文献
80.
Previous soil lead studies in New Orleans focused on the geochemical footprint and its health impacts. This study examines
the human geography of race, income, and age in pre-Katrina metropolitan New Orleans within the context of lead accumulation
in soils. Sample points of soil lead data (n = 5,467) collected in 1998–2000 were mapped in a geographic information system (GIS), binned into 9 ranges, and queried by
(1) 2000 Census racial demographic data, (2) 1999 median household income, and (3) 2000 age data. The absolute population
generally declines as lead levels increase except at lead levels from 200–400 to 400–1,000 mg/kg when population increases;
the African–American population comprises a disproportionate share of this cohort. The high-lead areas occur in the inner
city, home to the largest populations of African-Americans in New Orleans. The mean household income curve indicates that
lower economic groups are at risk to higher levels of lead. A total of 44,701 children under the age of 5 years, plus 123,579
children aged 5–17, lived in census block groups containing at least one sample point with over 100 mg/kg lead, and these
include 23,124 and 64,064 young people, respectively, who live near at least one point over 400 mg/kg. Lead exposure affects
a panoply of outcomes that influence the health and welfare of the community. Unless corrected, children are likely to return
to the same or, because of lack of lead-safe practices during renovation, even higher exposure risks than before the flooding
of New Orleans. 相似文献