Research and practice on fluctuation water injection technology at low permeability coal seam

In order to solve the problem of poor affusion effect on low permeability coal seam, the paper analyzes the micro process of the coal seam water infusion in wetting coal and determines the main factors affecting coal seam water infusion. The permeability of the NO.3 coal seam in east working face of Xingcun coal mine by MTS815.03 servo-controlled rock mechanical test system has been tested. Results show that when the peak stress in coal sample specimens reaches 48.53 MPa, permeability ranges from 0.5158 to 2.9576 × 10⁻⁸ Darcy, and it means that the coal seam is low in permeability and difficult in water injection. Based on the characteristics of low permeability and geostress situation, efficient fluctuation water injection technology with permeable agent and relevant process parameters have been designed. The surface tension of the permeable agent developed here is 31.18 m N/m when mass concentration reaches 0.05%. The permeable agent can permeate into 2 cm thick coal layer completely in 10 s, thus improving the wettability of water effectively and the water injection pressure fluctuates between 7 MPa and 25 MPa. The application of the technique in the 3rd coal seam in east working face of Xingcun coal mine shows not only single-arch injection experienced a significant increase on average, from no more than 10 m³ to 63.3886 m³, but also the effect of dust fall, cooling and rock burst prevention is remarkable.     

滚石冲击作用下埋地高压输气管道的可靠性分析

地质灾害往往会对高压输气管线造成安全隐患,岩体崩塌引起的滚石冲击是导致埋地输气管道第三方破坏的主要破坏形式之一。通过概率分布求出滚石产生的偶然性载荷对管道的冲击频率,根据可靠性理论,用管线钢自身的强度和撞击产生的工作应力,建立强度应力的安全裕度方程。然后利用LS-DYNA有限元软件,建立滚石冲击管道模型,计算不同条件下埋地输气管道的最大应力Sm,确定Sm的分布规律。最后,根据应力和强度的分布求得管道可靠度指标和失效概率。本研究提供的方法和结论对埋地输气管道的风险评估、管道的设计及施工具有重要的参考价值。     

Ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon,nitrogen, and phosphorus in three forests in the Lüliang Mountainous Area of Shanxi Province北大核心CSCD

Using a standard plot method, the stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in leaves, litter, and soil (0-20 cm depth) was investigated for three forest types: Populus davidiana, Larix principis-rupprechtii, and Pinus tabuliformis. The results showed that the stoichiometry of C, N, and P of the same component in the three forests were significantly different. The C and N contents in leaves, litter, and soil in P. davidiana forest were higher than those in L. principis-rupprechtii and P. tabuliformis forests were. However, P in the L. principis-rupprechtii forest was higher than that in the P. davidiana forest and P. tabuliformis forests were. The C, N, and P contents of the components in the three forests were, in order, leaves > litter > soil, and the three nutrient contents were significantly higher in leaves and litter than they were in soil. C:N and C:P in the three forests exhibited a trend of litter > leaves > soil, whereas that for N:P was leaves > soil > litter. There were highly significant positive relationships in N:P between the litter and the soil in the P. davidiana forest. Leaf C:N and litter C:P in the L. principis-rupprechtii forest were significantly negatively correlated, whereas N:P in the leaves and soil was positively correlated. There was a significant positive correlation in N:P between the leaves and the soil in the P. tabuliformis forest. In conclusion, the N contents in leaves and soil exhibited a significant positive correlation, whereas there was no significant correlation between C, N, and P in litter or soil. Environmental factors had a large influence on the stoichiometry of C, N, and P in soil. In particular, latitude and altitude had the most significant effects on C, N, P, C:N, and C:P and were significantly p ositively correlated. T hese results provide a scientific basis for f urther studies on nutrient utilization a nd t he cyclic characteristics of different forests in this area. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

纳米氧化锌对凋落物降解微生物群落结构和代谢功能的影响

随着纳米技术的迅速发展,纳米氧化锌广泛应用于抗菌涂料、电子装置、个人护理品等产品中,其生态毒理机制已成为生态学的研究热点。为了探究水生丝状真菌对纳米氧化锌的响应及适应机制,本文选用3种不同粒径的纳米氧化锌30 nm、90 nm和200 nm作为影响因子,通过室内模拟钻天杨Populus nigra L.凋落叶降解过程,研究纳米氧化锌的慢性暴露对水生丝状真菌生物量及代谢功能的影响效应,其中包括真菌的生孢率、群落多样性、脱氢酶活性、胞外降解酶活性、体系pH值、凋落叶降解速率以及碳氮含量,结果表明,粒径较小的纳米氧化锌(如30和90 nm)对水生丝状真菌活性及细菌代谢功能的抑制作用更强,且抑制作用达到显著水平所需的时间越短。46 d的慢性暴露显著影响了水生丝状真菌的生孢率与群落组成,其中Alatospora的生孢率与凋落叶降解速率呈显著负相关,表明该菌是纳米氧化锌的敏感菌,而Anguillospora和Flabellospora在纳米氧化锌的介入环境中产出较多的分生孢子,表明其为纳米氧化锌的耐受菌。另外,纳米氧化锌的长期暴露使水生丝状真菌对有机氮的降解功能具有促进作用,而对有机碳的代谢功能没有明显影响。总之,水生丝状真菌对纳米氧化锌的响应导致了凋落叶降解速率及碳氮分解效率在各处理间呈现显著差异。综上所述,本研究为纳米氧化锌对生态过程的毒理机制提供了必要的理论基础。     

青藏铁路唐拉段地质灾害的评价分析

笔者主要对青藏铁路唐拉段沿线分布的热融滑坍、热融湖塘、湿地、沙害、危岩、落石等地质灾害进行了评价分析 ;研究了其对铁路工程的影响、工程建设施工对地质灾害的诱发和加剧的可能性 ;提出了施工中应采取的防范措施。     

兰州市西固区大气降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及来源分析

本文通过区域布点法对兰州市西固区的主要工业区进行空气降尘采样,利用色谱质谱分析仪对大气降尘中的芳烃类有机污染物进行了分析,结果揭示出兰州市西固区芳烃类有机污染物中邻苯二甲酸脂类(PAEs)占主导地位,其中又以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二酯(2-乙基己基)(DEHP)占芳烃总含量的比重较大。通过样品的对比分析和来源解析,指出兰州市西固区大气降尘中的芳烃类有机污染物来源与西固区A公司的废气排放有关,应加强对大气环境的保护和限制工厂废气直接向大气中排放。     

呼和浩特道路降尘排放特征研究

颗粒物污染是影响我国城市空气质量的首要因素,交通扬尘是城市大气颗粒物污染的主要来源之一,排放特征研究是进行环境影响分析、控制措施成本效益分析、控制方案制定以及进行环境管理的基础。文章采用降尘法监测呼和浩特道路扬尘并分析降尘排放特征。对呼和浩特不同类型道路共30条,每条道路布置1个降尘监测点,并对背景降尘值进行了监测,道路降尘(DFr)与背景降尘(DFb)的差值作为道路自身降尘(ΔDF)。结果显示,环城路、主干道、次干道和支路的ΔDF分别为32.6、26.5、22.9和22.6 t/km.230 d,降尘值比例为100∶81∶70∶69,则单辆车引起的降尘比例为1.58∶1.00∶1.22∶3.16;从季节规律上看,春季降尘量最小,夏秋冬季降尘量差别不大,春夏秋冬四季的排放强度比例为0.88∶1.00∶1.00∶0.99;从空间分布上看,没有明显的区域特征。     

Inhibition of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth of Pharbitis nil and the alleviation effect of nitrogen application北大核心CSCD

In plant configuration of landscaping, herbaceous plant is often inter-planted with ornamental tree species. But unreasonable plant collocation may reduce the effectiveness of afforestation for the inhibition effect of tree on the growth of understory, and further more affect the greening effect. Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) is widely planted in landscaping accompanying herbaceous plants including morning glory (Pharbitis nil). But camphor was reported to have allelopathic effect on its adjacent plant, therefore correct selection and collocation of plants has important significance to obtain good greening effect. This research aimed to study by a pot experiment the effects of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on the growth, phenological traits of Pharbitis nil, as well as modification of these effects by nitrogen application. Three application rates of C. camphora leaf litter including 25, 50 and 100 g/pot (denoted by L25, L50 and L100, respectively) and a control (CK) were implemented. Nitrogen application began on the 34th d of decomposition, with 0.39 g urea being divided into three equal portions and added continuously to each pot. The results showed that (1) The height, basal diameter, leaf area and biomass production of Pharbitis nil were all inhibited sharply by exposure to the leaf litter, being decreased by 32.85%-83.78%, 5.23%-23.00%, 30.31%-58.47%, and 40.34%-84.54%, respectively, with the inhibition effect increasing both in intensity and stability with the increase of leaf litter. Such inhibition effect was obviously alleviated by exogenous nitrogen application. (2) The flowering dynamics of Pharbitis nil was greatly impacted by the leaf litter, with the flower initiation 2.5-10.0 d later and the flowering duration 6.3-11.4 d longer compared to the control. Although the leaf litter-treated plants exhibited more (0.5-3.3) flowers than the control, their quality decreased, and the hundred-grain weight of the seed decreased with the increase of leaf litter. However, the differences among treatments in the reproductive parameters mentioned above reduced after nitrogen fertilization. The results indicated that leaf litter of C. Camphora has a great allelopathic effect on morphological and reproductive growth of Pharbitis nil, which may be attributed to the release of phototoxic substances during the decomposition process.     

中小学校园踩踏事故统计分析及应对措施研究

为掌握中小学校园踩踏事故发生规律,预防事故发生,收集、整理近10年来的事故案例进行统计分析,获得了中小学校园踩踏事故的时空分布和影响因素的统计特征。发现存在"秋季学期"现象、"星期一"现象和事故易发生在教学楼1～2楼楼梯间。分析事故主要原因有:学生安全素质不高,学生安全教育不足,信息交流不畅,学校硬件设施设计不合理,学校应急管理不足。针对案例统计分析结果和原因,提出预防中小学校园踩踏事故的应对措施,为相关部门预防和处置事故提供决策支持。     

连云港市大气降尘时空分布特征

采用2018年1月—2020年2月连云港市17个监测点位降尘数据,分析连云港市大气降尘变化规律和时空分布特征.结果表明,2018年连云港市平均降尘量为11.6 t/(km2·30 d),超过江苏省考核标准[6 t/(km2·30 d)],超标倍数为0.93,其呈现出先增大再降低再增大的规律,春季、秋季降尘量最大,与大风...