Ensuring the environmental effectiveness of linked emissions trading schemes over time

Linking emissions trading schemes allows the combined emissions cap to be achieved at lower cost. Linking is usually environmentally neutral, but some design features can lead to higher aggregate emissions if schemes are linked. Technical solutions to limit the potential emissions increases due to design differences implemented when schemes are linked are not sufficient to ensure the environmental effectiveness of the linked schemes over time. Technological, economic, administrative and other changes that can lead to higher aggregate emissions are inevitable. The administrators of the linked schemes must ensure the stringency of the emissions cap relative to the “business as usual” emissions of affected sources, the accuracy of the emissions reported by affected sources, the integrity of the allowance registry, effective compliance enforcement, and the environmental integrity of the credits issued for emission reduction projects over time. This will require a process for agreeing on revisions to the regulations of the linked schemes, a mechanism to provide assurance of the environmental effectiveness of each of the linked schemes, and a procedure for terminating the linking agreement.

北方重工业城市降水pH值与相关因素关系的研究

针对北方重工业城市出现的酸性降水和pH值降低的现象,采用集中监测、纵横对比、统计分析的方法,对降水pH值现状及与相关因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示,降水pH值依污染源排放的烟(粉)量的减少、环境空气中总悬浮微粒浓度的降低、机动车保有量的增加而向酸性发展,空气质量好的区域易发生酸雨,北方重工业城市"尘"重点治理以后酸雨和二氧化硫污染将出现加重趋势。仅靠削减二氧化硫排放量控制污染是不够的,重工业城市必须综合防治。