二氧化硫胁迫下拟南芥miRNA表达谱分析

以拟南芥为材料,利用高通量测序技术并结合生物信息学分析方法,检测二氧化硫(SO_2)处理后拟南芥植株的小分子RNA表达谱,筛选SO_2胁迫响应microRNAs(miRNAs)分子,研究植物miRNAs对逆境胁迫的应答机制.结果发现,30 mg·m~(-3) SO_2处理72 h后,拟南芥地上组织小分子RNA长度分布发生改变,在对照组和SO_2组中均有大量特有的小分子RNA序列,说明SO_2胁迫可诱导拟南芥小分子RNA的表达改变.SO_2胁迫诱导186个保守miRNA和16个新miRNA分子差异表达,其靶基因主要涉及转录调控、信号转导、代谢、刺激响应等生理过程.差异表达的miR160和miR393可通过生长素信号途径调控植株生长发育,参与植物对SO_2的胁迫响应.本研究揭示了植物中参与SO_2胁迫应答的miRNA种类及作用机制,进一步阐明了miRNAs在植物抗逆应答过程中的作用.     

Fe3O4@SiO2-Chitosan的制备及其对水中Cu2+的吸附效能研究

以SiO_2包覆Fe_3O_4,戊二醛为交联剂,交联壳聚糖(Chitosan, CTS),制得Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-Chitosan复合磁性纳米粒子.以Fe_3O_4和Fe_3O_4@SiO_2为对照,采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和傅立叶红外光谱对其进行表征分析,并测定了投加量、pH值、吸附时间和温度等因素对Cu~(2+)吸附效果的影响,从动力学、热力学以及再生回用性能评价等方面对其吸附性能进行了探究.结果表明Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-Chitosan对Cu~(2+)的吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir模型,为自发、放热、优惠型的单分子层化学吸附.在pH为6.0, 298 K下达到最大吸附量154.8 mg·g~(-1),吸附解吸4次后吸附容量变化不大,说明Fe_3O_4@SiO_2-Chitosan具有较高的吸附容量,可作为处理含铜废水和回收铜的高效吸附剂.     

柑橘/大球盖菇套作下土壤CO2排放及其效率对秸秆还田量的响应

以柑橘/大球盖菇套作模式为研究对象,利用秸秆作为大球盖菇的培养基原料,通过原位试验,连续监测大球盖菇生长期内,不同秸秆还田量(半量、全量和倍量)下土壤CO_2排放规律,并进一步对比栽培大球盖菇(HSM、ASM和DSM)和未栽培大球盖菇(HS、AS和DS)处理下土壤CO_2排放量变化及其影响因素,结合大球盖菇产量及土壤碳排放效率,分析不同秸秆还田量所产生的环境及经济效益,为合理利用柑橘园林下土地提供理论依据.结果表明:①秸秆还田处理的土壤CO_2累积排放量均高于常规种植(CK),随着秸秆还田量的增加呈增加趋势;且栽培大球盖菇处理的土壤CO_2累积排放量大于未栽培大球盖菇,表现为:DSM(52. 09 t·hm-2) ASM(41. 10 t·hm-2) HSM(33. 20 t·hm-2) DS(27. 15 t·hm-2) AS(25. 34t·hm-2) HS(18. 94 t·hm-2) CK(12. 16 t·hm-2);其中,倍量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇(DSM)处理的土壤CO_2累积排放量增加最为显著,较CK增加了328. 37%;②对于栽培了大球盖菇的处理,土壤CO_2排放量最大时段均集中在大球盖菇菌丝生长期,其次为出菇后和出菇期;其中DSM处理在菌丝生长期的土壤CO_2累积排放量占其总累积排放量的43. 27%,其次为全量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇(ASM,42. 63%)和半量秸秆填埋还田+栽培大球盖菇(HSM,40. 57%);③栽培大球盖菇处理降低了温度敏感系数Q10; 5cm土壤温度能解释27%～71%的土壤CO_2排放速率变化(P 0. 01),而土壤体积含水量单因子对土壤CO_2排放速率不存在显著影响;但双因子拟合发现,5 cm土壤温度和体积含水量可以解释土壤CO_2排放速率变化的36%～82%;④对于栽培了大球盖菇的处理,各处理产量分别为:DSM(49. 7 t·hm-2) ASM(47. 0 t·hm-2) HSM(23. 3 t·hm-2),其中ASM的土壤碳排放效率最高(CEE=1. 14).综上,柑橘/大球盖菇套作模式短期内会显著促进土壤CO_2排放,但同时也提高了柑橘园综合经济效益,其中全量秸秆还田能较好地协调其产生的经济及环境效益.     

BiOCl/SiO2/Fe3O4复合材料可见光催化去除水中亚甲基蓝

以FeCl_3·6H_2O、FeCl_2·4H_2O、(C_2H_5)_4SiO_4、Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O、KCl为主要原料,采用化学共沉淀法和水热法制备了BiOCl/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4光催化剂,并对其进行EDS、TEM、XRD、FT-IR、UV-Vis表征,最后通过亚甲基蓝降解实验,研究了催化剂在合成过程中pH及催化剂投加量对其光催化性能的影响.结果表明,在pH=6、催化剂初始投加量为0.5 g·L~(-1)时,对亚甲基蓝的可见光催化效果最佳,光照120 min后对10 mg·L~(-1)的亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色率达到93.2%.BiOCl/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4经过简单的无水乙醇和水洗后,可高效重复利用4次.综合表明,BiOCl/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4是一种在处理染料废水中具有应用前景的磁性光催化剂.     

紫外辐射H2O2与PMS氧化准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水

采用紫外（UV）活化双氧水（H₂O₂）和过一硫酸盐（PMS）产生活性氧物种降解准好氧矿化垃圾床渗滤液尾水中有机污染物.结果表明,紫外辐射双氧水（UV-H₂O₂）和紫外辐射过一硫酸盐（UV-PMS）体系对有机污染物的降解相比于单独体系效果显著.初始pH值和氧化剂投加量能够显著影响2种体系的降解效能,增加氧化剂投加量能够一定程度提高2种体系对渗滤液尾水中有机物的去除;2种体系均在酸性条件下效果较好,初始pH值的升高对2种体系过程有机物降解有抑制作用并且对UV-H₂O₂体系的抑制尤为显著.在最优条件下（初始pH值为3,氧化剂投量为0.084mol/L）,UV-H₂O₂与UV-PMS体系处理后出水COD去除率分别达到了72.09%和56.22%.另外,UV-H₂O₂体系中主要活性氧物种是羟基自由基,而UV-PMS体系中主要是由羟基自由基和硫酸根自由基的共同作用.紫外-可见光谱与三维荧光光谱表明两体系中均能降解渗滤液尾水中难降解芳香类有机物质,并且UV-PMS较UV-H₂O₂体系对腐殖质的反应速率更快,但是两种体系对渗滤液尾水中腐殖质的降解途径存在显著差异.研究结果可为光化学氧化处理垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物提供参考.     

电磁波加载回流污泥对A2O厌氧池功能的影响

基于电磁波加载污泥的生物效应和溶出效应,将A²O系统的回流污泥进行电磁波加载,以期从微生物群落结构变化角度考察其对系统中厌氧池功能的影响.结果表明,电磁波加载回流污泥后,污泥絮体分解,细胞破壁;回流污泥中C、N、P的溶出效应显著.与加载前对比,厌氧池中TP富集效果更明显,富集率由122.9%增至152.2%;TN、COD去除率分别由7.3%、58.8%上升为32.1%和65.4%.MiSeq焦磷酸测序分析表明,回流污泥经电磁波加载后,厌氧池微生物群落的丰度增加,但其微生物多样性降低.碳源得到补充,厌氧池中微生物的代谢活性明显提高,活菌数量增加.厌氧池中富集了Zoogloea、Tolumonas、Dechloromonas等菌属.     

TiO2/pg-C3N4复合催化剂的制备及光催化性能

通过简单的超声剥离分散和水热法,成功制得了具有多孔结构的TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄复合催化剂.利用XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis DRS和PL对样品的形貌、结构及光学性能进行了表征.在模拟太阳光照射下,以RhB和MO为模拟污染物考察了TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄的光催化性能.结果表明：当TiO₂占pg-C₃N₄的质量分数为5%时,制得的TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄（5：100）复合催化剂具有最优的光催化性能.TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄（5：100）对RhB的光催化降解途径为O^2·-和h⁺使整个共轭发色团结构发生裂解.TiO₂/pg-C₃N₄（5：100）光催化性能的提高一方面是由于多孔结构增加了光催化反应的活性位点;另一方面是由于TiO₂与pg-C₃N₄之间形成了Z型异质结,与传统的Ⅱ型异质结相比,该复合催化剂不仅使光生载流子分离效率提高,同时保留了pg-C₃N₄导带电子的强还原性和TiO₂价带空穴的强氧化性.     

2005~2017年全球大气边界层SO2时空变化

使用2005~2017年遥感数据研究了全球大气边界层SO₂时空分布特征及变化趋势.结果表明：空间分布上SO₂呈现空间异质性,大气高SO₂柱量值集中在以火山喷发为代表的自然源区域和以工业排放为代表的人为源及附近区域;一、二、三级SO₂柱量值在全球范围内整体呈现纬度地带性分布特征,北半球受人为影响较为明显,分界线在陆地区域向南凸出,海洋上向北凹陷,而南半球受人为影响较小,分界线呈现与纬线平行趋势;2005~2017年全球大气边界层SO₂单元栅格年均值整体呈现先增后减趋势,火山喷发导致2008、2009、2011年夏季出现了明显的波动,其余季节无显著变化;全球范围内大气边界层SO₂年内变化,伴随太阳直射点南北移动,2005~2014年一级SO₂柱量值延纬向对称轴的纬度,除10~12月份外,其余月份与对应月15日太阳赤纬基本吻合.     

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds, NO2, and effects on ozone formation at a site with high ozone level in Chengdu

Chengdu is a megacity in the southwest of China with high ozone (O₃) mixing ratio. Observation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO₂ and O₃ with high temporal resolution was conducted in Chengdu to investigate the chemical processes and causes of high O₃ levels. The hourly mixing ratios of VOCs, NO₂, and O₃ were monitored by an online system from 28 August to 7 October, 2016. According to meteorological conditions, Chengdu, with relative warm weather and low wind speed, is favorable to O₃ formation. Part of the O₃ in Chengdu may be transported from the downtown area. In O₃ episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO₂ and O₃ were 20.20?ppbv and 47.95?ppbv, respectively. In non-O₃ episodes, the average mixing ratios of NO₂ and O₃ were 16.38?ppbv and 35.15?ppbv, respectively. The average mixing ratio of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 40.29?ppbv in non-O₃ episodes, which was lower than that in O₃ episodes (53.19?ppbv). Alkenes comprised 51.7% of the total O₃ formation potential (OFP) in Chengdu, followed by aromatics which accounted for 24.2%. Ethylene, trans-pentene, propene, and BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene) were also major contributors to the OFP in Chengdu. In O₃ episodes, intensive secondary formations were observed during the campaign. Oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), such as acetone, Methylethylketone (MEK), and Methylvinylketone (MVK) were abundant. Isoprene rapidly converted to MVK and Methacrolein (MACR) during O₃ episodes. Acetone was mainly the oxidant of C3-C5 hydrocarbons.     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.