Risk assessment of safety and health (RASH) for building construction

In this research Risk Assessment of Safety and Health RASH method for building construction has been developed with risks classified into Safety Risks and Health Risks. 11 factors representing safety risks and 8 factors representing health risks were identified based on field survey in Oman. 40 Safety and Health specialists were involved in carrying out risk assessment using the existing method of risk analysis RA and the proposed RASH method. It was found that RASH method resulted in superior accuracy for assessment of risk zones than the existing RA method. The accuracy by RASH was almost twice the accuracy by RA. The overall percentages of the correct answers for the four scenarios using the RASH method and the RA method were 72.5 percent and 40 percent respectively. The proposed RASH method gave fewer errors than the existing RA method for all scenarios. Two scenarios were found to be the most problematic ones with largest overestimation of risks occur when using the existing RA method. Wilcoxon Ranked Test showed that the two methods are significantly different (z = −3.357, p > 0.01). The new method RASH is statistically acceptable and it resulted in better response in terms of estimating the risk than the RA method.     

会理污灌区重金属污染的调查,评价及防治对策

本文调查、评价了会理县锌矿污灌区内水、土、作物的重金属污染状况。调查结果表明：污灌区内土壤、作物重金属污染严重,尤以镉污染突出。作物中镉含量与距污染源距离呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９９５）。镉在水稻植株各部位的分布,以根系含镉量最高,茎叶次之,谷粒最少。评价结果表明农灌水的污染程度不大,土壤中Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ污染是土壤污染的主要表现,水稻的污染较玉米更为严重。Ｃｄ已对人体健康构成潜在危害。本文还针对污染区的重金属污染提出了相应的防治措施     

建设项目卫生防护距离的确定方法

建设项目环境影响评价过程中的选址问题至关重要,卫生防护距离的可达性是必不可少的因素.以合成氨厂为例,探讨环境影响评价中卫生防护距离的确定方法,对无组织排放源、源强及参数的确定进行了说明.     

生物质能利用技术控制污染物排放的作用

化石燃料燃烧利用过程中排放的大量毒害气体和CO2对生态环境造成重大危害,由此产生的环境问题越来越引起世界各国的关注,相应的控制排放技术不断发展,其中生物质能利用由于其CO2零排放成为最有发展潜力的技术之一.采用LCA方法,选择生物质气化联合循环发电、生物质热裂解发电、生物质与煤混烧发电3种方案与燃煤发电进行了对比,分析生物质利用过程减排温室气体CO2、毒性气体(SOX、NOX)的作用.结果表明,在生产1 kW*h电能的生命周期中,3种生物质发电方案的CO2排放量远远小于燃煤发电,特别是生物质气化联合循环发电和生物质热裂解发电两种方案减排CO2达到了87%～94%.由于生物质低硫和低氮特性,该两种方案中NOX和SOX的减排量也非常显著,即使是生物质与煤按1∶9(质量比)混燃都可以达到25.2%和8.9%的减排效果.综合而言,生物质能的利用,不论是气化、热解或者共燃都是减排CO2、NOX和SOX有效措施.     

大气环境影响评价中典型气象日的确定及其应用

对某地区多年气象资料进行统计和分析,给出大气环境影响评价中典型气象日的确定方法。结合高架点源影响浓度的实例计算,可以方便地得到典型气象日条件下大气污染物的日平均浓度分布情况,能够更为真实地反映该地区的实际气象条件对大气污染物分布浓度的影响情况。     

水对防治煤炭自燃的作用及注水周期的研究

通过对水在采空区遗煤氧化及自燃的作用机理两重性的分析以及实验室试验与现场应用实际效果研究 ,证实了笔者提出的清水灌注措施是一种新的、经济有效的、操作简便的防治采空区遗煤自燃的技术措施。同时 ,对传统的黄泥灌浆技术措施中的泥浆浓度要求提出了新的看法。此外 ,还对往采空区注水的周期进行了专门的研究     

Accountability,Reporting, or Management Improvement? Development of a State of the Parks Assessment System in New South Wales,Australia

Management effectiveness evaluation has been recognized as an important mechanism for both reporting on and improving protected area management. The Convention on Biological Diversity’s program of work on protected areas calls on all countries to implement such systems. In 2004, the first whole of system assessment of park management effectiveness, based on the IUCN-WCPA Management Effectiveness Evaluation Framework, was undertaken in New South Wales, Australia as part of a State of the Parks reporting requirement. This article describes the development of the State of the Parks assessment tool, its elements, and how it addresses the management effectiveness difficulties associated with assessments conducted across an extensive and diverse range of park types. The importance of engaging staff, at all levels, throughout the process is highlighted, as well as the adjustments made to the assessment tool based on staff feedback. While some results are presented, the main purpose of the article is to identify and discuss important procedural and methodological considerations. These include balancing quantitative and qualitative assessment approaches, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the management processes, and responding to any problems associated with assessments.     

烟塔排烟电厂大气影响预测分析

在系统分析我国烟塔排烟电厂大气影响评价及其相关研究成果的基础上,指出应关注的几个问题,并结合烟塔排烟电厂的负荷变化特点提出了解决问题的基本思路及需要重点研究的专题。     

Safety evaluation: Important safeguard of work safety for enterprises in China

This paper mainly reviews on safety evaluation in China in recent years, explains the role of safety evaluation playing in work safety and introduces the progress of safety evaluation made in industries. Also it introduces some important provisions on Safety Evaluation Agencies (SEA), and the evaluation specifications and standards, on which the safety evaluation is carried out, issued by China government. Furthermore, it analyzes the incompletes in safety evaluation and discusses their possible influence on SEA, local administration of work safety and the public's reorganization, and indicates the key points to be developed in China future safety evaluation.     

基于生命经济价值理论的企业安全投资技术经济分析

正确估算人的生命经济价值 ,对于正确评价企业安全投资的经济效益有着重要的意义。在我国 ,长期以来 ,对各种伤亡事故和职业危害的经济赔偿标准定得太低 ,不仅使伤亡者不能获得合理的经济赔偿 ,而且客观上助长了企业经营者轻视安全投资的行为 ,这与我国缺乏较为完善的生命经济价值理论有着密切的关系。目前对人的生命经济价值的估算方法基本上可以分为两大类 :人力资本法和支付意愿法。笔者在前人研究的基础上 ,运用理论模型估算出我国目前一名具有高中文化程度职工的生命经济价值约为 72万元 ,如果条件许可 ,通过调查收集数据 ,然后采用支付意愿法并进行回归分析 ,可获得较为精确的估算值