江苏沿海地区经济联系及物流要素流量空间特征分析

随着经济一体化的发展,城市间经济联系日益加强,必然引起城市间物流需求联系的增加。借鉴引力模型在经济联系中的应用,分析了江苏沿海地区城市间经济联系强度。结果表明：城市间经济联系的强度随着空间距离的递增而递减;并以区域中心城市为中心,向外呈辐射状圈层构造,呈现3个层次结构;沿海中心城市对经济联系腹地间的竞争更加明显。立足运输地理学网络分析基本原理, 从客流、货流和信息流等流量,流向等空间属性进一步探讨城市间的经济联系特征,江苏沿海地区市际间货流量连云港 南通占主要地位;客流量连云港 南通一线最大;城市间信息传递不畅,信息流量较弱。针对城市间经济联系及物流要素流量的空间特征,提出了加强区域经济合作的策略与建议     

耕地利用集约度变化及其驱动因素分析——以湖北省为例

耕地利用集约度的变化关系到粮食安全和社会经济的可持续发展。运用逐步回归和通径分析等多元统计分析方法,对湖北省1990年至2008年的耕地利用集约度变化的驱动机制进行研究。研究表明,耕地利用集约度总体上稳中有升;农产品价格、耕地质量和财政支农是影响耕地利用集约度的主要因素;农产品价格、耕地质量和财政支农政策既是影响耕地利用集约度的直接原因,又是其他因素对耕地利用集约度影响的间接原因;在市场经济条件下,农民的耕地利用行为表现出市场化的趋势。因此,应稳定并逐步提高农产品价格,保障土地整理实施的质量,改善耕地质量,并加大政策对农业的扶持力度,从而提高农民农业生产积极性和耕地利用集约度、提升农民收入和保障国家粮食安全     

长三角地区城市土地开发强度特征及影响因素分析

合理控制土地开发强度是提高土地利用效率和改善环境质量的重要手段。以建设用地面积占该区域土地总面积的比例为土地开发强度的表征指标,运用GIS软件和经济计量模型,探讨了1996~2008年长三角地区城市土地开发强度的特征及其影响因素。结果表明：长三角城市土地开发强度总体上呈增长趋势,城市间土地开发强度差异明显,并且具有空间集聚特征,形成了以上海、杭州为中心的高强度地区,这与目前长三角经济增长极相吻合。同时,经济增长、城镇化、产业结构与城市土地开发强度之间显著正相关,行政区划调整与城市土地开发强度在短期内表现为负相关关系,土地管理政策的影响尚不显著。今后,只有转变经济发展方式,严格执行土地管理政策和城市规划,合理推动城镇化和城市产业布局,才能使城市土地开发强度保持在合理水平。将为长三角地区城市土地可持续利用提供参考,对控制城市建设用地规模和发展方向,也有一定的理论和现实指导意义     

文丘里对脉冲喷吹过滤系统清灰的影响

在自建的脉冲喷吹实验台上,利用Y—YD-7044型压电式传感器和MYD-8801加速度传感器,测试0120×2000mm覆PTFE膜无纺布滤袋在不同喷吹压力下,加文丘里与不加文丘里时的最大侧壁压力峰值和最大反向加速度,并对比计算了获得同样清灰强度时的脉冲阀一次喷吹耗气量。结果显示,添加文丘里能显著增大滤袋中下部最大侧壁压力峰值和整条滤袋上的最大反向加速度,即提高脉冲喷吹清灰强度;对应同样的喷吹压力,加文丘里时的平均最大侧壁压力峰值和平均最大反向加速度比不加文丘里时分别平均提高大约70％和50％;加文丘里获得同样清灰强度时的脉冲阀一次喷吹耗气量比不加文丘里时节省40％左右。证实对于脉冲喷吹清灰系统,添加文丘里能有效改善清灰效果以及减小能量？肖耗。     

Investigation of the Curve Number Method For Surface Runoff Estimation In Tropical Regions

This study tests the applicability of the curve number (CN) method within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to estimate surface runoff at the watershed scale in tropical regions. To do this, surface runoff simulated using the CN method was compared with observed runoff in numerous rainfall‐runoff events in three small tropical watersheds located in the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. The CN method generally performed well in simulating surface runoff in the studied watersheds (Nash‐Sutcliff efficiency [NSE] > 0.7; percent bias [PBIAS] < 32%). Moreover, there was no difference in the performance of the CN method in simulating surface runoff under low and high antecedent rainfall (PBIAS for both antecedent conditions: ~30%; modified NSE: ~0.4). It was also found that the method accurately estimated surface runoff at high rainfall intensity (e.g., PBIAS < 15%); however, at low rainfall intensity, the CN method repeatedly underestimated surface runoff (e.g., PBIAS > 60%). This was possibly due to low infiltrability and valley bottom saturated areas typical of many tropical soils, indicating that there is scope for further improvements in the parameterization/representation of tropical soils in the CN method for runoff estimation, to capture low rainfall‐intensity events. In this study the retention parameter was linked to the soil moisture content, which seems to be an appropriate approach to account for antecedent wetness conditions in the tropics.     

Enhancement of phosphorus sorption onto light expanded clay aggregates by means of aluminum and iron oxide coatings

Phosphorus (P) loading from non-point or point sources increases the eutrophication risk of natural waters. The functioning of constructed wetlands (CWs) used as natural water treatment systems can be improved by means of additional materials adsorbing soluble P. In this study, light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) and LECA coated with aluminum (Al) oxide (Al-LECA) or iron (Fe) oxide (Fe-LECA) were tested for their efficiency as P sorbents in the pH range 3–8. The oxide coatings duplicated the actual sorption capacity calculated from the sorption isotherms at the P concentration in the equilibrium solution of 20 μg L⁻¹, assumed to be the allowable P level in purified water. In the oxide-coated LECAs the sorption was fast and followed both the first- and second-order Lagergren kinetic models, suggesting that the formation of a binuclear surface complex was feasible. In LECA, sorption was markedly slower and followed the first-order kinetic model, indicating that retention occurred through a monodentate attachment. These findings were in harmony with the degree of P saturation (DPS) of the sorbent surfaces at the highest P addition level (200 μg L⁻¹), DPS being decisively higher for LECA than for the oxide-coated sorbents. Accordingly, at higher pH values the competition by hydroxyl ions diminished the sorption in LECA relatively more than that in the coated sorbents. In agreement with the acidity of Al³⁺ being 100 times lower than that of Fe³⁺, at elevated pH the sorption by Al-LECA proved to be less reversible than that by Fe-LECA. The results provide evidence that in CWs Al-coated sorbents are superior to Fe-coated ones that are also redox-sensitive and may lose their sorption properties in anoxic conditions.     

移动通信基站架设方式对地面电磁辐射分布的影响

选取南通市具有代表性的9种不同架设类型的基站现场实测,分析其地面水平方向上的电磁辐射分布特征,以掌握基站不同架设方式对地面电磁辐射的影响。结果表明:天线架设方式不同,地面电磁辐射强度及分布存在一定差异,落地塔监测值整体低于楼顶塔。50 m范围内,功率密度值由大到小依次是楼顶抱杆楼顶井字塔楼顶角钢塔楼顶景观塔楼顶集束天线楼顶拉线塔楼顶四角塔楼顶美化天线落地塔,地面最大值普遍出现在距离基站20 m~30 m范围。受天线架设高度、下倾角因素的影响,楼顶美化天线和楼顶角钢塔地面最大值点分别出现在距离基站60 m和70 m处,超出监测点位50 m布设范围。     

室内环境嗜松青霉的MVOCs释放特征及影响因素

以嗜松青霉为例,用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-MS)采集分析其代谢挥发性有机物(MVOCs),考察了生长时间、温度、光照、氧含量(通气流量)对MVOCs释放特征的作用,探讨了其对室内VOCs的源贡献.结果表明,共发现6类14种MVOCs,包括浓度较高的乙醇、丙酮、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇、苯甲醚,浓度较低的异丁醇、2-甲基丁醇、糠醇、甲苯、间二甲苯、1-辛烯-3-醇、3-辛醇和柠檬烯.氧含量和生长时间对MVOCs影响最明显,氧含量主要影响乙醇和丙酮的竞争代谢,乙酸、乙酸乙酯也在缺氧时产量更多;嗜松青霉在不同的生长阶段的代谢产物种类和产量均不同,总MVOCs量在接种第4～6d达到最大值,除乙酸、柠檬烯外,其他物质均受生长时间的影响;在25℃时能产生最多的MVOCs量,在35℃时产生的MVOCs最少,不同温度下各MVOCs组分也不同;光照对嗜松青霉的MVOCs代谢影响不明显.在有氧有光的3种实验温度下,总MVOCs排放强度在5031～7650ng/(m²·d)之间,各物质室内浓度贡献区间为0.0256～444.0380ng/m^...     

云南普洱6.4级地震震害分析

2007年6月3日云南普洱发生6.4级地震,震源深度仅5km。地震对当地各类建筑物和构筑物造成不同程度的破坏。本文根据此次地震现场调研,介绍了地震烈度分布与震区破坏等级划分,归纳了土木、砖木、砖混、框架结构房屋等建筑结构的震害情况,同时对供排水、交通、电力、通讯系统及水利工程等基础设施的破坏状况加以概括,并对各类结构的破坏原因进行了分类分析。总结了此次地震的震害特点,提出了未来村镇防震减灾工作的若干建议。     

低强度超声波对低温下污水生物处理的强化效果及工艺设计

为了研究低温条件下超声波对污水生物处理的强化效果,采用强度0.3 W·cm-2的超声波对好氧活性污泥进行10 min的辐射处理,然后在4℃条件下进行模拟SBR(sequencing batch reactor)反应.以耗氧呼吸速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR)、脱氢酶活性(dehydrogenase activity,DHA)和COD为指标,研究了低温条件下超声波对污泥生物活性以及有机物去除效果的改善.结果表明,低温条件下,经超声波处理后污泥活性可提高30%,COD的去除率也可保持常温水平.通过比较可以看出,低温条件下超声波的强化效果较常温条件下更为明显.本研究还以典型的城市二级处理污水处理厂和采用SBR工艺的污水处理厂为例,对低强度超声波在污水处理工艺中的设计和操作进行了说明.