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101.
Xiao S. Liu Zhang F. Tong Ling Zhen Da X. Huang Xin Gao Chao Y. Xu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):591-597
A method using liquid chromatography and a single mix-mode solid-phase extraction cleanup for the simultaneous analysis of thiabendazole [2-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzoimidazole], carbendazim [(methyl N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-carbamate)] and 2-aminobenzimidazole (1H-benzimidazol-2-amine) in concentrated fruit juices is described. The three fungicides were isolated from the samples and concentrated by solid-phase extraction on Oasis MCX cartridges. The determination was performed by liquid chromatography with a diode array, detecting at 288 nm. In this method, the average recoveries from blank control juice samples spiked in a concentration range of 0.01–0.10 mg/kg were in the range of 81–95%, with relative standard deviations below 8%. Detection limits and limits of quantification were 4 μ g/kg and 10 μ g/kg, respectively, for each fungicide. Real juice samples were analyzed by the proposed method. The results were compared to those from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 相似文献
102.
Céspedes R Lacorte S Ginebreda A Barceló D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(2):384-392
The partitioning of alkylphenols in the dissolved and particulate matter of influents, effluents, accumulation onto sludge and the impact of sewage treatment plant upon receiving waters was studied along the Ter River basin (Catalonia, NE Spain). A solid-phase extraction or pressurized liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed and permitted to determine target compounds with high efficiency in waters, particulate material and sludge. Nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylate, nonylphenol and octylphenol partitioned preferably upon particulate matter and sludge, whereas long chain NPE(3-15)O prevailed in the dissolved phase and was released by effluents. Within the treatment process, a net accumulation of alkylphenols in sludge was found, producing up to 148g/t/month. The removal efficiency of alkylphenols was of 37-90% and depended on the treatment. Assessment on the fate of these contaminants within STPs is discussed in terms of flow rates, biological oxygen demand and tons of sludge produced. 相似文献
103.
Mengqing Ge Tao Lin Kemei Zhou Hong Chen Hang Xu Hui Tao Wei Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):93
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105.
A combination of a residual film of flammable organic substance, air and porous structures like insulation material (e.g. stone wool) may result in a fire. The initiating self-heating process depends on the substance (reactivity, volatility), amount of accumulated liquid, volume and temperature. Specific information is given for application and extension of the Thomas criterion with a 2nd order reaction. The experimental part includes new experimental techniques to determine heat transfer and formal reaction kinetic data. The applied self-ignition temperature (SIT) simulation model relies on liquid film volume and not on liquid film surface reaction. As a further result of the studies detailed working procedure of three simplified methodologies for estimation of SITs in technical scale are presented. New techniques to determine parameters necessary for SIT prediction, especially in combination with Methodology III, have the power to reduce the costs for estimating the SIT up to 80%. 相似文献
106.
Cellulose/polyethylene (CPE) mixture 3:1, w/w with and without three clay catalysts (K10 – montmorillonite K10, KSF – montmorillonite KSF, B – Bentonite) addition were subjected to pyrolysis at temperatures 400, 450 and 500 °C with heating rate of 100 °C/s to produce bio-oil with high yield. The pyrolytic oil yield was in the range of 41.3–79.5 wt% depending on the temperature, the type and the amount of catalyst. The non-catalytic fast pyrolysis at 500 °C gives the highest yield of bio-oil (79.5 wt%). The higher temperature of catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose/polyethylene mixture the higher yield of bio-oil is. Contrarily, increasing amount of montmorillonite results in significant, almost linear decrease in bio-oil yield followed by a significant increase of gas yield. The addition of clay catalysts to CPE mixture has a various influence on the distribution of bio-oil components. The addition of montmorillonite K10 to cellulose/polyethylene mixture promotes the deepest conversion of polyethylene and cellulose. Additionally, more saturated than unsaturated hydrocarbons are present in resultant bio-oils. The proportion of liquid hydrocarbons is the highest when a montmorillonite K10 is acting as a catalyst. 相似文献
107.
A scaled-up conversion process of fish waste to liquid fertilizer was performed in a 5 L ribbon-type reactor. Biodegradation was performed by inoculation of autoclaved fish waste with 5.84 × 10(5) CFU mL(-1) of mixed microorganisms for 96 h. As a result, the pH changed from 6.92 to 5.72, the cell number reached 7.28 × 10(5) CFU mL(-1), and approximately 430 g (28.3%) of fish waste was degraded. Analyses indicated that the 96 h culture of inoculated fish waste possessed comparable fertilizing ability to commercial fertilizers in hydroponic culture with amino acid contents of 6.91 g 100 g(-1). Therefore, the scaled-up production achieved a more satisfactory fish waste degradation rate (3.61 g h(-1)) than the flask-scale production (0.24 g h(-1)). The biodegraded broth of fish waste at room temperature did not undergo putrefaction for 6 months due to the addition of 1% lactate. 相似文献
108.
109.
Yingchao Zhang Hongqiong Zhang Xinwei Dong Dongbei Yue Ling Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(8):99
110.
John W. Leung Barrie G.R. Webster 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1169-1201
Abstract Radiolabelled end‐use mixtures of glyphosate with and without a cationic surfactant (Ethomeen® T/25) and an organosilicone surfactant (Silwet® L‐77) were applied onto trembling aspen (Populus tremuloids Michx.) leaves at the rate of 1.0 kg of AE (acid equivalent) in 35 L/ha area of foliage. A 5‐mm rainfall with an intensity of 10 mm/h was applied at intervals of 0.5, 8, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h after treatment. Glyphosate washoff was determined by liquid scintillation counting of radioactivity in the rain‐washing. At 36 h post‐treatment, both the adjuvants significantly reduced glyphosate washoff (Ethomeen by 69.6% and Silwet by 59.7%) from foliage, compared to the washoff (82.6%) when Vision alone was applied without the adjuvants. Results on the rate of plant growth indicated that with a rain‐free period of 8 h or more, the growth of most seedlings was stunted within 1 or 2 d. Percentage of foliar browning 20 d after treatment with rain‐free period of 8 to 48 h ranged from 8 to 80% for Vision alone, 75 to 100% for Vision with Ethomeen, and 85 to 100% for Vision with Silwet, respectively. Physical properties of the end‐use mixtures were measured with and without the two adjuvants to examine droplet spreading and drying rates in relation glyphosate rainfastness. The Silwet adjuvant lowered the surface tension of the end‐use mixture, but Ethomeen did not. Droplets containing Silwet were spread more than those containing Ethomeen. However, the greater area of contact caused by Silwet did not contribute to a significant increase in the translocation rate of glyphosate into untreated parts of the seedlings, and showed no relationship with rainfastness of glyphosate deposits on trembling aspen. 相似文献