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791.
Four populations of the native annual grassTriplasis purpurea were surveyed on coastal beaches along the south shore of Staten Island, NY, to determine the potential of this species to
colonize shoreline habitats mostly devoid of other vegetation. If the species can establish and maintain dense populations,
it may have conservation value for urban beaches disturbed by human activities. For two populations, survivorship, growth,
and reproduction were monitored at different distances from shore to determine the ability of this species to maintain viable
populations. At three sites,T. purpurea occurred in >75% of all quadrats and the highest density was 1195 plants/m2 at 74 m from shore in one recently disturbed site. Density generally increased with increasing distances from shore at low
tide (from ca. 40 – 90 m). Plants showed the greatest growth and reproduction at close distances to shore (30 – 40 m); part
of this effect was due to density in one population, but when density effects were removed statistically, there still remained
a decline in growth and reproduction with increasing distance from shore. Improved vigor nearest to shore may be due to continual
sand deposition. Survivorship showed a Type I pattern, with low mortality throughout the growing season. By colonizing newly-deposited
and continually shifting sands,T. purpurea can contribute to the earliest stages of ecological succession along disturbed beaches in eastern North America and may be
valuable to the development and management of urban coastal plant communities. 相似文献
792.
Four populations of the native annual grassTriplasis purpurea were surveyed on coastal beaches along the south shore of Staten Island, NY, to determine the potential of this species to
colonize shoreline habitats mostly devoid of other vegetation. If the species can establish and maintain dense populations,
it may have conservation value for urban beaches disturbed by human activities. For two populations, survivorship, growth,
and reproduction were monitored at different distances from shore to determine the ability of this species to maintain viable
populations. At three sites,T. purpurea occurred in >75% of all quadrats and the highest density was 1195 plants/m2 at 74 m from shore in one recently disturbed site. Density generally increased with increasing distances from shore at low
tide (from ca. 40–90 m). Plants showed the greatest growth and reproduction at close distances to shore (30–40 m); part of
this effect was due to density in one population, but when density effects were removed statistically, there still remained
a decline in growth and reproduction with increasing distance from shore. Improved vigor nearest to shore may be due to continual
sand deposition. Survivorship showed a Type I pattern, with low mortality throughout the growing season. By colonizing newly-deposited
and continually shifting sands,T. purpurea can contribute to the earliest stages of ecological succession along disturbed beaches in eastern North America and may be
valuable to the development and management of urban coastal plant communities. 相似文献
793.
Becoming the world’s largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China’s export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective. 相似文献
794.
Andrew Warren 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(4):470-474
This article explores the assessment of sustainability in fields subject to wind erosion. In the first part, simple sustainability audits are examined, as of soil depth and nutrients. Direct measurement of these characteristics has many problems, largely because of huge variability in space and time at all scales. Modelling still has its problems, but it may be possible to overcome many of them soon. It is true that wind erosion preferentially removes soil nutrients, but there are imponderables even here. The nutrient balance in many of these soils includes considerable input from dust. In West Africa, it has been shown that the amounts of calcium and potassium that are added in dust are sufficient to fertilize dispersed crops. In mildly acidic sandy soils, such as those found on the widespread palaeo- aeolian deposits, much of the phosphorus is fixed and unavailable to plants by the time it is removed by wind erosion, so that erosion has no added downside. Most of the nutrients carried by dust have been shown to travel close to the ground (even when they are attached to dust-sized particles), and so are trapped in nearby fallow strips, and are thus not lost to the farming system. Second, the sustalnabillty of a whole semi-arid farming system is explored. Wind erosion in semi-arid areas (like China, the Sahel and Norflawestern Europe) generally takes place on aeolian deposits of the recent geological past. Most of these soils are deep enough to withstand centuries of wind erosion before they are totally lost to production, and some of these soils have greater fertility at greater depth (so that wind erosion may even improve the soil). Finally some remarks are made about environmental change in relation to sustainability. 相似文献
795.
科学构建化工园区安全生产长效机制的关键要素 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对我国化工园区的发展现状和存在的问题,结合本质安全等现代先进安全管理理念,系统地分析了强化化工园区安全生产长效机制关键要素的手段和措施,为提高化工园区和相关行业的安全管理现状提供了科学依据。指出当前强化园区总体规划和布局论证以及严格执行园区准入制度的重要性;阐明建设项目本质安全化是重要关键所在,应通过在项目构建的不同阶段,分步实施本质安全化设计策略;考虑到园区重大事故多米诺效应概率显著增加,理论研究确定了爆炸和火灾触发多米诺效应的概率和临界距离;特别强调重大危险源的控制和管理是核心问题,提出了园区重大危险源的三级安全管理模式和园区应急资源评估模式。 相似文献
796.
Analytic hierarchy process helps select site for limestone quarry expansion in Barbados 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Site selection is a key activity for quarry expansion to support cement production, and is governed by factors such as resource availability, logistics, costs, and socio-economic-environmental factors. Adequate consideration of all the factors facilitates both industrial productivity and sustainable economic growth. This study illustrates the site selection process that was undertaken for the expansion of limestone quarry operations to support cement production in Barbados. First, alternate sites with adequate resources to support a 25-year development horizon were identified. Second, technical and socio-economic-environmental factors were then identified. Third, a database was developed for each site with respect to each factor. Fourth, a hierarchical model in analytic hierarchy process (AHP) framework was then developed. Fifth, the relative ranking of the alternate sites was then derived through pair wise comparison in all the levels and through subsequent synthesizing of the results across the hierarchy through computer software (Expert Choice). The study reveals that an integrated framework using the AHP can help select a site for the quarry expansion project in Barbados. 相似文献
797.
氧化亚氮形成的微生物学分子机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 氧化亚氮 (N2 O)的形成N2 O是继CO2 、CH4之后的第三大温室气体 ,它能破坏大气中的臭氧层 .在过去的 2 0~ 30年间 ,N2 O以每年 0 .2 %~ 0 .3%的速率增长 ,并且有进一步增长的趋势[1 ] .地球上人类和其他生物的活动是N2 O产生的主要来源 ,而微生物是其中最重要的生物源 .微生物产生N2 O的机理主要是通过硝化作用和反硝化作用过程进行的 ,如图 1所示 .反硝化过程中N2 O的形成 :硝化过程中N2 O的形成 :图 1 N2 O的形成Fig.1 FormationofN2 O 催化反硝化过程的酶有 4种 :硝酸还原酶 (Nar)、亚… 相似文献
798.
This paper introduces a new portable intelligent electronic nose system developed especially for measuring and analysing livestock
and poultry farm odours. It can be used in both laboratory and field. The sensor array of the proposed electronic nose consists
of 14 gas sensors, a humidity sensor, and a temperature sensor. The gas sensors were especially selected for the main compounds
from the livestock farm odours. An expert system called “Odour Expert” was developed to support researchers’ and farmers’
decision making on odour control strategies for livestock and poultry operations. “Odour Expert” utilises several advanced
artificial intelligence technologies tailored to livestock and poultry farm odours. It can provide more advanced odour analysis
than existing commercially available products. In addition, a rank of odour generation factors is provided, which refines
the focus of odour control research. Field experiments were conducted downwind from the barns on 14 livestock and poultry
farms. Experimental results show that the predicted odour strengths by the electronic nose yield higher consistency in comparison
to the perceived odour intensity by human panel. The “Odour Expert” is a useful tool for assisting farmers’ odour management
practises.
Supported by Ontario Pork, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and Ontario Ministry of Agriculture
and Food (OMAF) of Canada. 相似文献
799.
800.