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本文阐述了清洁生产在工业与环境领域中的地位、性质及作用,综述了在工业化日趋成熟的当今世界开展清洁生产的途径、促进清洁生产普及的手段及存在问题,介绍了清洁生产在世界各国及在中国的发展状况和应用前景 相似文献
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酒店主要产品服务经济-能源-环境系统分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用投入产出分析方法和能耗寿命周期分析方法相结台。建立了主要产品中间生产和最终服务经济-能源-环境系统投入产出综合计算模型;对国内有代表性的八家酒店主要产品服务系统进行了计算与综合分析:结果显示酒店之间投入产出指标值量大相差2倍以上。具有巨大的改进潜力;酒店内部餐饮服务系统是传统的线性开放式经济发展模式的突出代表。应进行蕾业规模调整、合理配置能源种类和消耗比例、重点实施清洁生产。 相似文献
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Rajan K. Sampath Edward W. Sparling Robert A. Young Kenneth C. Nobe 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(2):191-204
ABSTRACT: During the last three decades, developing countries have invested enormous amounts of resources (running into billions of dollars) in the development of large surface irrigation systems. Investment funds were largely spent on the development of the main systems such as dams, canals and distributaries. Very little attention and resources have been spent on the development of below-the-outlet subsystems, in spite of very low levels of water use efficiency due to lack of proper land leveling, high water losses in field channels, and skewed distribution of available water among farmers served by individual water courses. This state of affairs has resulted in a lack of confidence on the part of most farmers in the reliability of surface irrigation systems to deliver water on time and in adequate quantities which, in turn, has resulted in farmers using below optimum levels of all other complementary inputs except labor. Realizing the importance of improving water use efficiency, both the domestic governments and donor agencies are increasingly paying serious attention to these problems. On-Farm Water Management (OFWM) as a strategy to improve water use efficiency and consequently agricultural production in many developing countries has been currently receiving very wide and vigorous consideration among economists, water management experts, policymakers, and donor agencies. A judicious use of the newly allocated funds of OFWM projects obviously needs proper evaluation procedures so that money could be allocated for the most deserving purposes and projects. In particular, recently, private profitability calculations due to public investments in OFWM activities have received attention from economists and decision makers in developing countries’governments and in donor agencies are very much interested in knowing the impacts of their investments in OFWM activities on farmers’income and welfare. However, the evaluation procedures commonly used in empirical studies, using a production function approach, seem to be at variance and sometimes inconsistent with proper comparative-static procedures. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to develop consistent procedures for evaluating the impacts created by OFWM investments on farmers’income and resource use. In this context, the paper examines the critical relationship between the market price of the agricultural output and production function parameters which are affected by the OFWM investments. 相似文献
807.
Rick Reibstein 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(5):498-504
The Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA), one of the original pollution prevention laws, has faced repeated repeal attempts and budget cuts. Yet the Massachusetts toxics use data and other analyses have provided firm indications that the law has actually worked. Though the program has survived it is notable that an approach that both saves money and reduces pollution has been reduced and not expanded. This paper does not attempt to answer the question of why the strategies of TURA have not seen wider application, but offers four stories to illustrate what happens when they are properly applied. The experience of corporate officials who had to comply with TURA, related at a symposium on the occasion of the law’s 20th anniversary, shed light on how a strong pollution prevention law can benefit regulated companies as well as the environment and worker and public health, and provide suggestions, in addition to data and surveys, that TURA-like sets of governance tools should receive wider consideration. 相似文献
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在末端治理日臻完善的时代,清洁生产是人类污染治理方式和生产力发展方式上的一次革命。我国推行清洁生产已有10余年,但进展较缓慢。本文在阐释清洁生产内涵的基础上分析了我国在推行清洁生产过程中存在的部分问题及其原因,提出了相应的对策和建议。 相似文献
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根据最新文献,对我国企业的现状,促进我国企业实现清洁生产的可能途径进行述评,认为应该针对我国不同行业、不同企业的实际情况,有所侧重地通过各种途径的共同作用,促进我国企业实现清洁生产。 相似文献
810.
随着近30年来中原油田高强度、大面积的石油开采,高强度注水采油和超采地下水造成的负面效应日益凸现。通过地下水位下降,地下漏斗面积增大,地面沉降,地裂缝,土壤、水体污染五个方面阐述了注水采油带来的生态环境问题,以及由此导致的对公共设施和建筑物的破坏、水土污染等严重后果。 相似文献