畜禽养殖业清洁生产初探

中国畜禽养殖业正由传统方式向规模化养殖不断推进,在经济的快速发展的同时产生了大量的环境问题。本文从畜禽养殖业环境污染现状和原因出发,从环境压力、政策导向、企业需求三个方面分析了畜禽养殖业实施清洁生产的必要性,提出了发展畜禽养殖业清洁生产应鼓励使用环保生态饲料,着重实施粪便资源化、无害化,加强法律法规体系和技术规范完善与监管。在此基础上,尝试建立新型农牧结合的互利机制,促进畜禽养殖业的清洁生产推进,进而实现地区农业可持续发展。     

蓄电池生产废水处理技术研究

针对蓄电池生产废水的特点,主要是含有浓度较高的氟化物和重金属铅类,同时含有一定量的有机物质和悬浮物,主要处理方法为物理化学方法。粉煤灰处理含氟水、石灰-硫酸-铁盐法、聚合硫酸铁和氢氧化钙以及聚丙烯酰胺联合处理含氟废水等处理方法都具有较高的除氟率。处理废水中重金属铅离子,目前工业中一般采用化学沉淀法和离子交换法。采用pH调节-石灰-铝盐反应沉淀工艺去除废水中的氟、铅及部分磷酸盐,采用生化处理去除有机物。     

Nitrification characteristics of nitrobacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane in wastewater of corn-based ethanol fuel production

A technology to achieve stable and high ammonia nitrogen removal rates for corn distillery wastewater (ethanol fuel production) treatment has been designed. The characteristics of nitrifying bacteria entrapped in a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) gel carrier were evaluated after acclimation. In the acclimation period, nitrification rates of WPU-immobilized nitrobacteria were monitored and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also carried out to investigate the change in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The results showed that the pellet nitrification rates increased from 21 to 228 mg-N/(L-pellet. hr) and the quantity of the ammonia oxidation bacteria increased substantially during the acclimation. A continuous ammonia removal experiment with the anaerobic pond effluent of a distillery wastewater system was conducted with immobilized nitrifying bacteria for 30 days using an 80 L airlift reactor with pellets at a fill ratio of 15% (V/V). Under the conditions of 75 mg/L influent ammonia, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.7--5.6 hr, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4 mg/L, the effluent ammonia concentration was lower than 10 mg/L and the ammonia removal efficiency was 90%. While the highest ammonia removal rate, 162 mg-N/(L-pellet.hr), was observed when the HRT was 1.3 hr.     

铸造业清洁生产审核与污染物减排研究

铸造业是环境污染问题突出的行业之一,要实现铸造业的持续发展,其出路在于实施清洁生产工艺。以铸造业树脂砂线清洁生产审核为例,探索铸造业实施生产工艺技术改造,提出企业环境管理与经营持续发展的途径和方法。     

采油厂HSE管理体系运行存在问题及对策

分析了采油厂HSE管理体系实施过程中出现的问题,提出了增强体系有效性的对策。     

企业推广使用“有效益的企业环境管理”的意义

有效益的环境成本管理（EoCM）作为一种环境管理工具,适用于对发展中国家中小企业的咨询服务,可以市场化运行,旨在通过切实可行的改进措施,使企业持续获得“三赢”效益,即降低生产成本、提高环境绩效以及增强组织管理能力。     

高速公路清洁生产指标体系的构建

目前中国高速公路建设没有相应的清洁生产标准,因而高速公路建设缺乏有效的管理。根据高速公路的建设特点和清洁生产的要求,从"全过程管理"、"污染预防"、"环境影响最小化"的角度构建高速公路清洁生产指标体系,同时对指标进行了初步分析,以期减少高速公路的建设对环境的影响,从而实现"两型社会"的目标。     

畜牧养殖业污染治理初探

根据近年来的畜牧养殖业污染源普查情况,对畜牧养殖业生产过程中产生的污染物对环境造成的污染、治理及对策进行了初浅的探讨。     

Eating Meat and Climate Change: The Media Blind Spot—A Study of Spanish and Italian Press Coverage

There is strong evidence that a meat and dairy-based diet is a very important contributor to climate change. However, the correlation between the production and consumption of livestock and anthropogenic climate change has received minimal media coverage. The literature for English-speaking countries shows a sort of media blind spot for meat in that the news media barely address, or do not address, the responsibility of individuals' dietary choices with regard to this issue. In this paper, we provide data for press coverage in Southern Europe from a sample of the top 10 Spanish and Italian newspapers for a seven-year period (2006–2013). Data from our samples correlate with findings from previous studies. However, our comparative study suggests that there are also meaningful differences between both countries studied while their alleged Mediterranean dietary background makes no difference in terms of ethical or dietary sensitivity.     

Cleaner production solution selection for paper making – a case study of Latif paper products Co. Iran

Abstract

The objective of this research is to design an approach for selecting appropriate solutions to efficiently and productively reduce environmental pollution and water, energy and raw material consumption in a recycled paper manufacturing facility, the paper mill in Latif, Iran. To reach this goal, we develop a decision-making model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The proposed model provides a framework for cleaner production implementation specific to the paper industry. Pairwise comparisons of the results of designed questionnaires resulted in the hierarchy model being divided into five major groups: production modification; process change; preventive maintenance; renewal; and manpower resources.These five groups include 31 sub-criteria and seven alternatives. The results showed that process change yields the highest priority among the main criteria and that industrial automation and its technology level gives the highest priority among sub-criteria. Regarding the alternatives, reduction of environmental pollution is the most important solution for cleaner production in the industry. Also, product modification is the most sensitive criterion affecting the alternatives priority.