基于RS与GIS技术的龙井市生态环境评价

良好的生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,而社会和经济的发展必须要以保持生态环境的稳定和平衡为前提。本文利用RS和GIS技术,采用科学化量化指标,对龙井市生态环境进行评价,得到2000和2007年吉林省龙井市生态环境综合指数图,并进行动态分析。结果表明：2000-2007年龙井市生态综合指数整体呈现增加的趋势,2000年龙井市生态综合指数平均值为35.94,而到2007年龙井市生态综合指数平均值增加到38.45。7年间,良等级地面积增加最多,增加26.26个百分点,中、差、劣等地面积都在减少。2000年和2007年龙井市东部地区生态环境要好于西部地区。这表明政府政策的实施、人民环保意识提高等起到重要的作用。     

斜坡形、冲沟与滑坡之间演化关系初探

以地球系统科学的整体观、系统观为指导思想,将斜坡变形、冲沟及滑坡放在斜坡系统的演化中来研究。在进行陕西陇县滑坡灾害调查研究基础上,对斜坡变形的规律,斜坡变形与滑坡之间的本质区别,斜坡变形与冲沟发育的关系,滑坡发育与冲沟演化的关系分别进行了研究,在此基础上探讨了斜坡变形、冲沟及滑坡三者之间的演化关系。     

Long memory and chaotic models of prices on the London Metal Exchange

Many financial time series exhibit irregular behaviour. Economic theory suggests that this irregular behaviour might be due to the existence of nonlinear dependence in the markets. Thus, economic time series are governed by nonlinear dynamics.The purpose of this paper is to investigate price behaviour in the London Metal Exchange market. Thus, this study will test the two most attractive nonlinear models—long memory and chaos—on six metal commodities to ascertain which model is consistent with the observed metal price nonlinear dynamics.Application of long memory and chaos analysis provides new approaches for assessing the behaviour of metal prices. We identified, in tin, a case of chaos. Our empirical results in the case of aluminium support the long memory hypothesis. A short memory model explains the underlying processes of the nickel and lead returns series, while zinc returns reflect an anti-persistent process. To our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to apply long memory and chaos analysis in the evaluation of the behaviour of metal prices.     

GROUNDSURFACE WATER INTERACTION IN THE LONG ISLAND AQUIFER SYSTEM1

Steady state experimental studies with a viscous analog of the aquifer system in central Long Island, New York, have shown there to be significant interaction between surface accretion, stream base flow, well recharge, and the degree of salt water intrusion. Reductions in accretion are found to cause a proportionately larger decrease in stream base flow. The degree of intrusion is found to be related to the distribution of accretion and well recharge between stream base flow and submarine flow to the sea. This interaction poses a conflict between development of the groundwater resource and maintenance of the surface water resource. Well recharge apparently offers a potential solution to the conflict.     

Long-Term Air Quality Assessment: Modeling Sources Contribution and Scenarios In Ivrea And Torino Areas

An evaluation of the air quality based on the combined use of monitoring data, dynamic emission inventories, and three-dimensional modeling has been performed in an area in North West Italy. Yearly maps of the pollutants of most concern have been produced by means of an Eulerian modeling system, run for two nested domains. The system is based on MINERVE diagnostic meteorological model, TREFIC (TRaffic Emission Factors Improved Calculation) traffic emission module, and farm air quality regional chemical-transport model. The zooming approach has allowed to correctly reproduce local concentrations in the small urban area in the inner domain as well as to quantify the role played by selected local sources respect to distant ones. The study of the impact of the future car fleet, pointing out the expected improvement for nitrogen oxides and the persisting problem of PM, provides a rationale for air quality governance.     

A mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) changed the lipid content of pregnant Long Evans rats

Pregnant Long Evans rats received 1.0 μg/kg of dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ) by oral gavage on the 15th gestational day (GD 15), using a dosing mixture that contained two polychlorinated dioxins, four polychlorinated furans and three non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Rats were sacrificed on GD 16, GD 21 and postnatal day 4 (PND 4). The lipid content of fetus, pup, placenta and maternal liver, serum and adipose tissue were determined. Treated GD 16 and GD 21 fetuses had identical lipid content to the control group, yet the lipid content of treated pups on PND 4 was 32% higher than that of the control group. On the other hand, the lipid content of placenta, liver, and serum from the treated dams was 44–50%, 24%, and 38% lower than that of the control group, respectively. Thus, a low-dose mixture of dioxin-like compounds can cause changes in lipid content. The lipid content of offspring was not affected until they were exposed via lactation.     

Barriers to the enterprise culture: new firm formation in the merchant city area of glasgow

The paper reports the study of a group of twenty‐two new firm founders in the retail sector, in the Merchant City, an historic part of inner Glasgow that has recently undergone a miraculous revitalisation in a vein similar to that of the Docklands areas of London and Liverpool. The principal aim is to indicate how far the long term unemployed will be involved in this particular part of the enterprise culture, whether directly, or indirectly as a result of expanded employment opportunities. The results provide an upper limit of what we could expect this type of economic development to achieve in less attractive areas. The study provides a useful comparison to previous work concentrated on the manufacturing sector and suggests that the results from such work apply across sectors.     

西部新区试采初期清洁生产实施初探

通过对江苏油田西部新区试采初期不同施工环节中污染源、污染物的分析，针对各种污染物产生的环节，从管理和技术的角度，提出了试采初期实施清洁生产的思路和方法，并对探区的清洁生产长期规划提出了可行性建议。     

Perfluorinated compounds in the Antarctic region: Ocean circulation provides prolonged protection from distant sources

In order to investigate the extent to which Perfluorinated Contaminants (PFCs) have permeated the Southern Ocean food web to date, a range of Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and Antarctic-migratory biota were analysed for key ionic PFCs.Based upon the geographical distribution pattern and ecology of biota with detectable vs. non-detectable PFC burdens, an evaluation of the potential contributory roles of alternative system input pathways is made. Our analytical findings, together with previous reports, reveal only the occasional occurrence of PFCs in migratory biota and vertebrate predators with foraging ranges extending into or north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC).Geographical contamination patterns observed correspond most strongly with those expected from delivery via hydrospheric transport as governed by the unique oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean. We suggest that hydrospheric transport will form a slow, but primary, input pathway of PFCs to the Antarctic region.