DEHP暴露对小鼠神经行为学及脑脂质过氧化物的影响

为研究增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP)对脑组织造成氧化损伤以及对小鼠神经行为(主要包括学习、记忆能力与情绪)的影响.将24只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成4组,每组6只,分别为对照组(生理盐水),低浓度染毒组(5mg·kg-1DEHP,L组),中浓度染毒组(50mg·kg-1DEHP,M组),高浓度染毒组(500mg·kg-1DEHP,H组).利用Y型电迷宫检验小鼠的学习记忆能力变化,利用悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验检测小鼠抑郁行为的变化.然后取出脑组织,检验活性氧簇(ROS)及丙二醛(MDA)含量.数据显示,染毒组小鼠的学习记忆及行为学控制能力明显低于对照组(p<0.05),并且随DEHP浓度的增大小鼠的学习记忆及行为学控制能力降低.DEHP低、中、高剂量染毒组与对照组氧化应激反应均具有显著性(p<0.05),且呈剂量效应关系.因此,DEHP可导致小鼠学习记忆能力下降、抑郁情绪增加,其分子机制可能涉及DEHP对脑组织造成的氧化损伤.     

Mediating effects of psychological safety in the relationship between team affectivity and transactive memory systems

In this research, we develop a framework for understanding the emergence of transactive memory systems (TMS) in project‐based teams characterized by different levels of group level positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA). With a focus on enhancing understanding of the means of transmission, we test the mediating role played by group level psychological safety (PS) in the relationship between team affectivity and TMS. From a sample of 107 software implementation project teams, in a lagged field study, we find support for a mediated model in which high group NA, but not group PA, promotes environments psychologically unsafe for interpersonal risk‐taking (low PS) and which are negatively associated with TMS. This study extends prior research on the differential effects of PA and NA, by contributing to the limited research on group affectivity, environmental antecedents of TMS, and the mediating role of PS for predicting group level transactive processes and structures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

延安城市居民红色记忆的建构路径与代际差异

作为贯通于中国现当代社会进步与发展的典型文化现象,红色记忆宏观层面的书写、建构、传承等话题得到了广泛的关注与探讨,但个体层面的红色记忆研究相对空缺并亟待推进。为此,本文以红色资源富集的延安城市核心区为案例地,借助世代研究法,通过对36位当地居民的深度访谈,明晰了红色记忆“宏观—微观”的建构路径与结果,并诠释了延安老中青三代城市居民的红色记忆代际差异。研究发现,宏观层面的记忆要素挖掘、叙事表达与资源活化构筑了居民红色记忆的编码、选择与巩固过程,促使当地居民生成富有时代特色的红色记忆内容,并最终构建了老中青三代权威性、功能性及反思性的差异性红色记忆体系。研究结果折射出记忆建构的社会力量与时代变迁对个体记忆塑造的重要意义,并为规范开展红色记忆实践,推进红色记忆薪火相传提供了理论参照。     

Validation of the CANDY model with Russian long-term experiments

The CANDY model has been qualitatively assessed for simulating long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon and tested against different long-term experiments representing various land uses and geographical sites, but never before against conditions of the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Our goal was to simulate long-term trends in soil organic carbon for the long-term experiments of Barybino (Moscow region, Russia), Grakov (Kharkow region, Ukraine) and Yachenka (Minsk region, Belarus) representing the predominant arable soil types, climate conditions and typical management strategies for the investigated arable areas. The fit of modelled results to the observed data was evaluated to assess the suitability of the model for further applications in the FSU. The crop parameters of the CANDY model had to be adapted to the low yields observed under the Russian site conditions resulting in a higher sensitivity to crop-derived carbon input as a function of yield. The results show that the approach of treating the organic carbon situated in micro pores as inert, is an applicable solution for simulating soil carbon dynamics under Russian conditions. This evaluation of CANDY, against long-term experiments from Russia, gives confidence for its wider application in this region.     

Influence of avian reproduction ecotoxicological endpoints in the assessment of plant protection products

The aim of this paper is to examine the statistical relevance of bird species on the endpoints of avian long–term toxicity studies (eggs laid, eggs set, eggs hatching, embryo survivor, 14-day old survivors and eggshell thickness). Data from 561 animals of three different species (Colinus virginianus, Anas platyrynchos and Coturnix coturnix japonica) tested with five different pesticides were analyzed in this study. The substances considered were: Thiamethoxam (EZ-3-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene(nitro)amine), Thiacloprid ((Z)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidenecyanamide), Acetamiprid ((E)?N ¹-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N ²-cyano-N ¹-methylacetamidine), Phosmet (O,O-dimethyl S-phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate) and Dicofol (2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol). Several general lineal mixed models were conducted to evaluate the factors affecting variables used in long-term reproductive toxicity tests. Test significance was p < 0.01 in all models tested. Model R² value was high (0.80) for all variables except for eggs laid (R² = 0.42) for the three species studied. Tukey studentized range test showed significant differences among species and pesticides. For pre-hatching period the differences were significant for eggs laid and eggs set among species. C. japonica showed statistical differences for egg hatching. With respect to embryo survivor and 14 days old survival, significant different were found for C.virginianus and A. platyrynchos, respectively. These results indicate that the selected species have an influence in the endpoints to be used for risk assessment.     

Weak magnetic field accelerates chromate removal by zero-valent iron

Weak magnetic field(WMF) was employed to improve the removal of Cr(VI) by zero-valent iron(ZVI) for the first time. The removal rate of Cr(VI) was elevated by a factor of 1.12–5.89 due to the application of a WMF, and the WMF-induced improvement was more remarkable at higher Cr(VI) concentration and higher p H. Fe2+was not detected until Cr(VI) was exhausted, and there was a positive correlation between the WMF-induced promotion factor of Cr(VI) removal rate and that of Fe2+release rate in the absence of Cr(VI) at pH 4.0–5.5. These phenomena imply that ZVI corrosion with Fe2+release was the limiting step in the process of Cr(VI) removal. The superimposed WMF had negligible influence on the apparent activation energy of Cr(VI) removal by ZVI, indicating that WMF accelerated Cr(VI)removal by ZVI but did not change the mechanism. The passive layer formed with WMF was much more porous than without WMF, thereby facilitating mass transport. Therefore,WMF could accelerate ZVI corrosion and alleviate the detrimental effects of the passive layer, resulting in more rapid removal of Cr(VI) by ZVI. Exploiting the magnetic memory of ZVI, a two-stage process consisting of a small reactor with WMF for ZVI magnetization and a large reactor for removing contaminants by magnetized ZVI can be employed as a new method of ZVI-mediated remediation.     

A mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) changed the lipid content of pregnant Long Evans rats

Pregnant Long Evans rats received 1.0 μg/kg of dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ) by oral gavage on the 15th gestational day (GD 15), using a dosing mixture that contained two polychlorinated dioxins, four polychlorinated furans and three non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Rats were sacrificed on GD 16, GD 21 and postnatal day 4 (PND 4). The lipid content of fetus, pup, placenta and maternal liver, serum and adipose tissue were determined. Treated GD 16 and GD 21 fetuses had identical lipid content to the control group, yet the lipid content of treated pups on PND 4 was 32% higher than that of the control group. On the other hand, the lipid content of placenta, liver, and serum from the treated dams was 44–50%, 24%, and 38% lower than that of the control group, respectively. Thus, a low-dose mixture of dioxin-like compounds can cause changes in lipid content. The lipid content of offspring was not affected until they were exposed via lactation.     

文山盘龙河主要污染物变化分析

分析了文山盘龙河主要污染物、不同断位主要污染物变化、不同断面主要污染物的季节变化及年变化.     

形状记忆合金丝-橡胶支座钢框架隔震效果分析

根据作者开发研制的形状记忆合金丝一橡胶复合支座，建立了传统抗震结构和两种不同支座隔震结构体系的运动方程，并对某个实际工程四层钢框架结构进行了数值模拟，分析其在阪神波和El Centro波作用下的时程反应。研究表明，SMA丝一橡胶复合支座是一种很有效的隔震装置，将它用于钢框架结构，能有效地减小结构的位移、速度及加速度时程反应，而对于加速度峰值较大的阪神波的隔震效果更为明显，说明该复合支座能有效地提供罕遇地震作用下钢结构的隔震效果。     

石屏异龙湖区域环境与经济开发规划研究

通过对异龙湖区环境与经济发展现状的诊断分析，把经济再生产的投入、产出与污染物的产生、排放及治理间的数量关系列表扩张而成模型、对湖区域环境与经济的投入产出进行分析，确定了包括水量调蓄、水污染治理、合理利用、强化管理等措施的综合治理途径，据此制订了湖区综合治理规划，提出了主要经济开发建设项目，并已在６个方面得到了应用。