隧道实验测定南京市机动车PM_（10）排放因子

选取南京城市隧道进行机动车PM10平均排放因子的测试研究。采用质量平衡模型和多元线性回归方法计算了4种车型PM10的综合排放因子。结果表明：隧道内机动车PM10平均排放因子为0.347±0.100 g/（km·辆）;大型车的PM10排放因子远高于其他车型的排放因子,其次是中型车和摩托车,小型车最小,其综合排放因子分别为1.440 g/（km·辆）、0.850 g/（km·辆）、0.790 g/（km·辆）和0.320 g/（km.辆）;在车速相似的情况下,本隧道实验所测机动车的PM10排放因子与国内隧道实验结果相仿,却远大于国外隧道实验结果。     

Estimating the contribution of industrial facilities to annual PM10 concentrations at industrially influenced sites

If measures to reduce the industrial discharge of PM10 shall be planned with high accuracy, a first step must be to estimate the contribution of single industrial facilities to the overall PM10 burden as accurately as possible. In northern Duisburg as an example, an area where iron and steel producing industry is concentrated, PM10 was measured at 4 sampling sites very close to an industrial complex of blast furnaces, a sinter plant, oxygen steel works and a coke oven plant for 9 months in 2006. At two sites metals in PM10 were determined. The results, together with analytical data of urban background sites in the region and data of wind direction and wind speed were used for an estimation of the contribution of single plants to the PM10 burden. A careful analysis of the data showed, that the data of PM10, calcium, iron and zinc measured at two sites close to the industrial area and information about the urban background aerosol were sufficient to calculate the PM10 contribution of the main single plants. The data could be compared with those of modelling.     

作业场所职业危害监管监察力量配备研究

职业危害形势严峻与监管力量相对匮乏的矛盾,是我国当前职业危害监管需要解决的问题之一。但是,实现作业场所职业危害的有效监管,应当配备多少数量的监管人员,一直以来缺乏系统的研究论证。本文根据国务院经济普查数据,以及国家统计局公布的有关工业企业的数据,初步探讨了分级监管模式下作业场所职业危害监管力量的配备情况,认为实现作业场所职业危害的有效分级监管,万名工人监管人员数至少达到1．34较为适宜,根据我国当前的工业企业从业人员数,全国范围内宜配备至少18590名职业卫生监管人员。     

Traffic generated non-exhaust particulate emissions from concrete pavement: A mass and particle size study for two-wheelers and small cars

This study aimed to understand the non-exhaust (NE) emission of particles from wear of summer tire and concrete pavement, especially for two wheelers and small cars. A fully enclosed laboratory-scale model was fabricated to simulate road tire interaction with a facility to collect particles in different sizes. A road was cast using the M-45 concrete mixture and the centrifugal casting method. It was observed that emission of large particle non exhaust emission (LPNE) as well as PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 increased with increasing load. The LPNE was 3.5 mg tire⁻¹ km⁻¹ for a two wheeler and 6.4 mg tire⁻¹ km⁻¹ for a small car. The LPNE can lead to water pollution through water run-off from the roads. The contribution of the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 was smaller compared to the LPNE particles (less than 0.1%). About 32 percent of particle mass of PM₁₀ was present below 1 μm. The number as well as mass size distribution for PM₁₀ was observed to be bi-modal with peaks at 0.3 μm and 4–5 μm. The NE emissions did not show any significant trend with change in tire pressure.     

平顶山市大气颗粒物污染水平研究

为了初步调查平顶山市大气中颗粒物PM10和PM2.5的污染水平,于2006年9月-2007年8月春、夏、秋、冬4季在平顶山市分别采集了80个样品,并对其进行分析.分析结果表明,平顶山市PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度分别为0.045-0.872 mg/m3,0.023-0.044 4 mg/m3,年均值分别为0.162 mg/m3,0.093 mg/m3,PM10超国家标准0.62倍,PM2.5超美国EPA标准5.20倍.PM10和PM2.5的季节变化趋势足冬季最高,春、秋季次之,夏季最低,PM10中PM2.5约占64%.     

空气中PM_(10)浓度的BP神经网络预报研究

建立了某市PM10浓度预报的分段BP神经网络模型,经验证,所建立的BP预报模型,预测精度比较高,PM10日平均浓度误差大多在-0．010～0．010mg／m^3范围内,相对误差在-20％～20％,表明BP神经网络对PM10的浓度预报是一种有效的工具。     

西方灾后重建经济理论及其借鉴意义

介绍了Yasuh ide Okuyam a的灾后重建经济理论,重点分析了灾害发生以后经济的变动情况,以及在灾害后的经济重建过程中,储蓄率和技术进步率等变量将如何变化,进而如何影响灾后的经济重建过程。阐述了借鉴此理论对中国汶川8.0级地震灾后重建的指导意义。     

日本东北9.0级大地震与台风的成链关系

地震与台风之间的灾害链问题是一个重要的灾害学问题。通过对2011年日本东北9.0级地震和塔拉斯台风灾害链的讨论,使地震-台风灾害链更具事实基础。另外还重点对地震-台风灾害链的成因做了进一步的讨论。     

作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用

通过室内模拟实验研究了大麦、水稻和小麦3种作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的抑制作用,并计算了不同秸秆的抑制率和抑制中浓度（EC₅₀）。研究结果表明,大麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的生长有显著的抑制作用,而且随着培养时间和秸秆投加量的增加,抑制作用提高。处理96 h后大麦和水稻秸秆处理下的铜绿微囊藻几乎全部死亡,表明本研究所用不同作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的生长有显著的抑制效果。研究结果还表明,大麦、水稻和小麦秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的72 h-EC₅₀由大到小依次是大麦>水稻>小麦,分别为248、334和1 943 mg/L,表明不同植物的秸秆对藻类的影响作用不同。分析3种秸秆抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的原因可能是3种植物秸秆在好氧的条件下可以分解产生多种具有抑藻作用化学物质,如有机酸、含甲基的酚类物质、醇类和酮类物质等,这些物质通过化感作用抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,尤以大麦秸秆作用最为明显。     

Elusive Partnerships: Gas extraction and CSR in Bangladesh

This paper examines Chevron's programme of CSR at a gas field in Bangladesh. Whilst apparently building partnerships in the villages that surround the Bibiyana Gas Field, we suggest that the corporation remains detached from the local population via their community development programmes and employment policies. This contradiction is submerged by ideas and practices within global development discourse which celebrate the disconnection and disengagement of donors via the rhetoric of sustainability. Chiming with development praxis and the neo-liberal values which underscore it by stressing self-reliance, entrepreneurship and ‘helping people to help themselves’, the corporation's Community Engagement Programme does little to meet the demands of local people who hoped for employment and long term investment, a form of connection that is discordant to discourses of self-reliance and sustainability.