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81.
我国环境保护形势和“十五”的工作思路 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述了当前我国环境保护工作的形势 ,并针对“十五”环保目标、重点地区和流域以及“十五”环保工作的主要任务和保障措施做了较为详尽的说明 相似文献
82.
重大事故人员应急疏散模型研究 总被引:26,自引:4,他引:22
介绍了遗传算法和毒负荷的基本概念,给出了基于有毒气体泄漏事故后果预测仿真人员疏散最佳路径选择的遗传算法的模型。在该模型中,人员疏散最佳路径选择算法与遗传算法在该领域的应用较为新颖,且有一定的实用价值,可为事故的预防准备和现场决策提供支持 相似文献
83.
Securing adequate safe drinking water and proper sanitation is a major challenge facing the developing world. The “Water for
Life Decade” emphasizes the importance of upgrading national water quality and sanitation services. This study assessed the
domestic water profile in the city of Beirut. Samples were collected from three types of household water sources (municipality,
private wells, and vended water bottles) and assessed for their physiochemical and microbiological profile. At the same time,
a cross-sectional survey assessing water consumption patterns and the prevalence of water-borne diseases was conducted. The
results showed a deficient water quality profile in all three water sources. The measured physiochemical and bacteriological
parameters reflected the high frequency of water-borne diseases. Action to secure a safe domestic water supply is essential.
The plan should guarantee the protection of water sources, ensure sufficient treatment of domestic water and upgrade the national
program for potable water quality control. Periodic quality monitoring and legislating the chaotic water-vending sector are
indispensable. Additionally, the deterioration of private well sources by sea and wastewater infiltration necessitates the
enforcement of legislation associated with the use and management of private wells. Consumer awareness and active contributions
to promote and protect public health are important. 相似文献
84.
Giacomo Antonioni Gigliola Spadoni Valerio Cozzani 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(5):614
Escalation of primary accidental scenarios triggering a “domino effect” have caused extremely severe accidental events in the chemical and process industry. The identification of possible escalation events is required in the safety assessment of sites where relevant quantities of hazardous substances are stored or handled. In the European Union, “Seveso-II” Directive requires the assessment of on-site and off-site possible escalation scenarios in sites falling under the obligations of the Directive. In the present study, a methodology developed for the quantitative assessment of risk due to domino effect was applied to the analysis of an extended industrial area. Recently developed equipment damage probability models were applied for the identification of the final scenarios and for escalation probability assessment. The domino package of the Aripar-GIS software was used for risk recomposition. The results evidence that quantitative risk assessment of escalation hazard is of fundamental importance in order to identify critical equipment and to address prevention and protection actions. 相似文献
85.
Al-Momani IF Momani KA Jaradat QM Massadeh AM Yousef YA Alomary AA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):209-218
Wet and dry deposition samples were collected in the capital of Jordan, Amman. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu,
Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn, Fe, Sr, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, NO3
− and SO4
2−, along with pH were determined in collected samples. Mean trace metal concentrations were similar or less than those reported
for other urban regions worldwide, while concentrations of Ca2+ and SO4
2− were among the highest. High Ca2+ concentrations were attributed to the calcareous nature of the local soil and to the influence of the Saharan dust. However,
high SO4
2− concentrations were attributed to the influence of both anthropogenic and natural sources. Except for Cl−, NO3
−, SO4
2− and Cu, monthly dry deposition fluxes of all measured species were higher than wet deposition fluxes. The annual wet deposition
fluxes of trace metals were much lower than those reported for other urban areas worldwide. 相似文献
86.
基于GIS的污染源自动监测数据综合分析系统设计和实现 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
基于地理信息系统(GIS),将污染源在线监测数据信息与空间地理信息相结合,建立北京市重点锅炉烟气、污水处理厂两类主要污染源和水环境质量等大量在线监测数据的监控和综合分析系统。系统不仅实现了对重点污染源在线监测数据的实时监控、数据展示、统计分析、超标报警等常规业务功能,还在污染源扩散模拟展示、污染源与环境质量信息相互作用的空间综合分析等方面进行了初步研究,为进一步提高北京市的污染源监控管理和自动监测数据利用水平做出了创新性的技术尝试。 相似文献
87.
贵州省乌江干流思南段作为思南县县城饮用水源,存在水质达标率不高的问题,给思南县的人民生活和社会发展造成了不利影响。本文分析了乌江思南段现存的主要环境问题,对总磷超标问题探讨了其产生的原因。同时乌江作为贵州的经济动脉,伴随经济发展带来的环境压力,导致乌江水质改善仍存在诸多不确定因素。 相似文献
88.
Singh KP Singh VK Malik A Sharma N Murthy RC Kumar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,131(1-3):237-254
Rain water samples were collected to study the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation (first event) over the
Lucknow city in the northern Indo-gangetic alluvial plains. The samples were collected in the month of July, 2005 from different
sites. The wet precipitation samples were analyzed for pH, EC, major ions (, Cl−, , , , F−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, ) and heavy metals (As, Cd, Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Hg, Pb, Se, Sn, Ti, V, Zn). The pH values of wet precipitation
samples ranged between 6.5 and 8.7. The analysis of linear regression applied to the set of studied variables and computation
of neutralization factors showed that neutralization occurred in precipitation samples and Ca2+ had the maximum neutralization capacity. It was found that Cl−, , Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ in the precipitation samples originated mainly from crustal/anthropogenic sources in the region. On an average Fe, and Al
accounted for >72% of the total concentration of trace metals in the wet precipitation samples followed by Zn (>10%). Enrichment
factors calculated for heavy metals over reference background level in seawater and Earth’s crust showed relatively higher
enrichment of Zn. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified the possible sources of ionic species and heavy metals
in the wet precipitation samples. 相似文献
89.
Yayintas OT Yilmaz S Turkoglu M Dilgin Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):389-397
Waste water pollution of industrial areas can answer for the serious consequences of one of the most important environmental
threats to the future. In this study, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) is proposed
to determine heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Al, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn) and major elements (Ca, Mg) in waste water of Kocabas Stream.
The concentration of metals in the waste water samples taken from 9 different stations (St.) in Biga-Kocabas Stream in November
2004 (autumn period) were determined after simple pretreatment of samples by the proposed ICP-AES method. An analysis of a
given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. The results of heavy metals concentrations in waste water
were found between 0.00001–77.69610 mg l−1 by the ICP-AES technique. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Mg and Ca 0.00001 (St.3,6,7) – 0.0087
mg l−1 (St.9), 0.00001 (St.4-7) – 0.0020 mg l−1 (St.8), 0.00001 (St.1,3-7,9) – 0.0041 mg l−1 (St.2), 0.0620 (St.2) – 0.2080 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.0082 (St.6) – 0.2290 mg l−1 (St.8), 0.3580 (St.2) – 1.7400 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.2240 (St.1) – 0.6790 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.0080 (St.1) – 1.5840 mg l−1 (St.3), 0.0170 (St.3) – 0.0640 mg l−1 (St.2), 0.0010 (St.1,4,5,8) – 0.0080 mg l−1 (St.3), 5.0640 (St.9) – 5.2140 mg l−1 (St.1) and 43.3600 (St.2) – 77.6961 mg l−1 (St.9), respectively. Also we measured environmental physicochemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, specific conductivity,
total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, oxidation and reduction potential (ORP), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the waste water at
sampling stations. 相似文献
90.
Overpressure is a major hazard in the process industry with the potential to lead to a major accident. Pressure Safety Valves (PSVs) are often used as the last layer of protection against such a hazard and require regular recertification in order to be dependable. The valve safely vents gas from a vessel when the pressure becomes excessive. It is often the practice in industry to apply one or two years as the normal recertification interval of PSV. However, experience from the Norwegian oil and gas industry is that the recertification process several times have caused leaks of gas. The process thus represents a certain risk in itself and the question is then whether the recertification intervals presently being used actually are optimal from a risk point of view? The objective of this paper is to look into this problem, applying typical data from an oil and gas installation. An optimal recertification interval will be calculated based on minimization of risk to personnel. 相似文献