The failure of success in fisheries management

Law of the Sea negotiations and The Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 create new options in fisheries management. Historical analysis of two major management programs in the United States of America, Columbia River chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), shows two unresolved management problems. One is the innovativeness of fishermen in seeking ways to improve their harvests. The other is changing social priorities that are largely unpredictable and outside the control of fisheries managers. A method for analysis of patterning associated with management goals is illustrated. Since the general management goals are harvest improvement and more predictability, measures are used which show the adequacy of fit and reduction in variability between actual and predicted management outcomes.     

关于质量(Q)、环境(E)和职业安全健康(OSH)的管理体系整合及其一体化探讨

ISO90 0 0、ISO14 0 0 0、OSHAS180 0 0三大管理体系的建立、认证和持续改进 ,已成为现代企业的管理水平和持续发展能力的重要标志。特别是我国入世后 ,企业能否在全球经贸活动中生存、竞争、发展 ,质量 (Q)、环境 (E)及职业安全健康 (OSH)问题已成为不可回避的难点 ,也是必须克服的重要障碍。在QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系推行、建立、认证和持续改进的实践中 ,无论是企、事业单位 (组织或用人单位 )、咨询及认证机构 ,还是政府主管部门 ,可能都在深思 ,怎样才能减少三大管理体系建立中的交叉、重叠、重复、资源 (人、才、物 )浪费 ,管理效率、效益不高的问题。笔者提出了QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系整合及其一体化的问题 ;探讨了整合与一体化的背景和良好条件 ;分析了整合与一体化面临的困难 ;给出了整合与一体化管理体系建立的建议 ;展望了现代企业管理及其体系整合一体化的前景。     

浅析建立、实施职业安全卫生管理体系的重要性

介绍职业安全卫生管理体系的由来及发展趋势，论述国内部分企业已经具备了建立、实施职业安全卫生管理体系的条件，分析建立、实施职业安全卫生管理体系对企业安全管理工作的促进作用。     

Solid Waste Management in Nigeria: Problems and Issues

/ This paper is a presentation of the problems of solid waste management in Nigeria and certain important issues that must be addressed in order to achieve success. At the core of the problems of solid waste management are the absence of adequate policies, enabling legislation, and an environmentally stimulated and enlightened public. Government policies on the environment are piecemeal where they exist and are poorly implemented. Public enlightenment programs lacked the needed coverage, intensity, and continuity to correct the apathetic public attitude towards the environment. Up to now the activities of the state environmental agencies have been hampered by poor funding, inadequate facilities and human resources, inappropriate technology, and an inequitable taxation system. Successful solid waste management in Nigeria will require a holistic program that will integrate all the technical, economic, social, cultural, and psychological factors that are often ignored in solid waste programs.KEY WORDS: Solid waste; Management; Problems; Solutions; Nigeria     

Processes in Pollution Management: An Australian Model

/ This paper describes a model of the social and institutional processes involved in the solution of major pollution problems from the time they are first identified until they are resolved. The model is empirically demonstrated using four case studies of water and air pollution problems from Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Each process of the model is quantified by the use of an indicator, e.g., number of articles in newspapers to measure the process "publicconcern," number of pages of text devoted to parliamentary debates to measure the process "political action." The case study data are presented on a time-line graph that shows the duration and magnitude of each process. The paper illustrates three aspects of the solution of major pollution problems: the long time frames involved, the importance of public opinion in initiating the solution process, and the partial nature of solutions-problems may be politically resolved but often a complete solution is not achieved. An understanding of social and institutional processes and time frames will enable planners and policy makers to communicate to the public and politicians the consequences of delay in acting to solve pollution and to direct attention to critical areas to expedite solutions.KEY WORDS: Pollution problems; Management process model; Performance indicators; Air pollution; Water pollution     

关于加强开发区建设环境保护管理工作的思考

建设开发区是我国探索社会主义市场经济建设的一项重大举措，对吸引外资和发展经济起到了十分重要的作用，但开发区建设中的环境保护管理工作却是我国建设项目环境管理中的薄弱环节。本文通过对开发区建设环境保护管理工作中存在的问题及产生原因的分析，提出了加强开发区建设环境保护管理工作的一些思路，以减少人为干扰，增加环境保护工作的指导性。     

我国环境管理中经济手段的应用现状和发展对策

市场经济条件下,在环境管理中采用经济手段的重要作用日显突出,分析目前环境管理经济手段在我国的应用现状以及存在的问题,提出我国实施环境经济手段应具备的条件和应用发展对策。     

美国联邦应急管理署集成救灾体系对我国灾害防救工作的启迪

灾害救助是一项跨领域、跨单位的整合性工作，美国联邦应急管理署集成救灾体系是一套综合的防灾、救灾指挥调度系统，在灾害的防治与紧急应变上发挥着巨大的作用。分析探讨其构成、职能及运作的成功经验，对于改革我国现有的分散的灾害救助体系有借鉴意义。     

总量控制制度立法初探

分析了我国总量控制制度实施过程中,因有关的法律法规少、效力层次低,缺乏程序性规定,可操作性差,内容不全面,配套法规不全等而产生的困难和问题。阐述了强化总量控制制度的立法,尽快制定《总量控制管理条例》,确立总量控制模式,完善指标有偿转让机制,完善配套制度和对违法行为的法律制裁等方面的需求。     

国外医疗废物焚烧处理管理初探

对国外医疗废物的焚烧处理管理模式及焚烧控制指标进行了初步探讨