A model for improving endangered species recovery programs

This paper discusses common organizational problems that cause inadequate planning and implementation processes of endangered species recovery across biologically dissimilar species. If these problems occur, even proven biological conservation techniques are jeopardized. We propose a solution that requires accountability in all phases of the restoration process and is based on cooperative input among government agencies, nongovernmental conservation organizations, and the academic community. The first step is formation of a task-oriented recovery team that integrates the best expertise into the planning process. This interdisciplinary team should be composed of people whose skills directly address issues critical for recovery. Once goals and procedures are established, the responsible agency (for example, in the United States, the US Fish and Wildlife Service) could divest some or all of its obligation for implementing the plan, yet still maintain oversight by holding implementing entities contractually accountable. Regular, periodic outside review and public documentation of the recovery team, lead agency, and the accomplishments of implementing bodies would permit evaluation necessary to improve performance. Increased cooperation among agency and nongovernmental organizations provided by this model promises a more efficient use of limited resources toward the conservation of biodiversity.     

武钢一炼钢厂平改转拆除工程安全技术管理

通过采用事前、事中、事后控制的方法,对平改转拆除工程实施了全方位的严格管理,不仅全面实现了管理目标,而且带来了良好的社会效益和可观的经济效益。     

Grasshopper assemblage response to conservation ecological networks in a timber plantation matrix

Grasshopper assemblages are well known to be sensitive and responsive to changes occurring in habitats, enabling their application as bioindicators. Large-scale ecological networks (ENs) have been proposed as a conservation mitigation measure, and are used extensively in southern Africa to offset the impacts on biodiversity of commercial afforestation. Here, grasshopper response to an EN of 15 semi-natural grassland sites embedded in an exotic timber plantation matrix was investigated over two time periods, one year apart. The aim was to determine which environmental variables had a significant effect on grasshoppers, whether this response was robust among seasons, and the extent of phylogenetic variability in the response. The results showed that grasshopper species responded strongly and consistently to area of the site, time lapse since the last fire, and inconsistently to proportion of short grasses. Generalized least squares models with phylogenetic adjustment showed that there was a strong phylogenetic signal in species response to habitat quality, illustrating that site occupancy patterns were distinct for species from different subfamilies. Since grasshopper assemblages are more sensitive to internal patch-level environmental factors of ENs than to patch isolation, ENs may indeed be a suitable mitigation measure, although effectiveness is expected to vary among taxa.     

Ecosystem services for water policy: Insights across Europe

In this research we explored how the concepts and approaches of ecosystem services are currently used in water management in Europe, in the application of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) developed for the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Five case studies have been considered, located in the River Basin Districts of the Po river (Italy), Scotland (United Kingdom), Scheldt river (Belgium), Danube river (Romania), Sado and Mira rivers and Ribeiras do Algarve (Portugal). These cases represent different regional contexts of application of this EU water policy, with specific socio-economic drivers and environmental issues. Each case study has developed an operational framework to analyse ecosystem services in practice together with a group of local stakeholders. In each regional case, we examined how EU water policy and RBMPs are implemented, considered legal and planning instruments from the national to the local scale, and we analysed the use of ecosystem service terms and concepts in the relevant planning instruments. In parallel, we explored the view of local stakeholders and water managers on the topic, collecting their opinion on three major aspects: the usefulness of the concepts and approaches of ecosystem services for WFD river basin management plans, the risks and benefits of their use, and the knowledge needs to put the concepts into practice. The major drawback of the ecosystem service approach seems to be the challenge for practitioners of understanding new concepts and methodologies, while the major advantages are that it highlights all the hidden benefits of a water body in good health and promotes multi-functionality and sustainability in water management. The results of this study provide a picture across Europe of the current use of the concepts of ecosystem services in the RBMP and relevant insight on the opinion of local stakeholders and water managers.     

煤矿安全目标管理的实施与控制研究

在安全目标管理目标体系及目标制定、展开与分解研究的基础之上,论述了选择检查分析目标的方法,讨论了检查分析目标的内容,最后给出了某煤矿安全目标管理的实施及控制的应用实例.     

江苏省土壤污染重点监管单位管理现状与对策建议

与水、大气污染相比，土壤污染具有隐蔽性、滞后性、累积性等特点，污染土壤治理恢复成本高、周期长、难度大，需要强化源头防控，防患于未然。简述了我国土壤污染重点监管单位的管理要求，从环境准入期、施工期、运营期和退役期4个环节梳理了重点监管单位的管理要点，分析了江苏省土壤污染重点监管单位的管理现状和存在问题，并从强化宣传培训，实施分类分级管理，探索开展边生产边管控技术模式，提升基层监管能力等方面提出了对策建议，以期为江苏省土壤环境管理工作提供决策参考。     

关于学校化学教学实验废液量及废液管理状况的调研报告

利用基于实验内容的废液量统计方法，对北京大学、湖南大学、首都师范大学3所有代表性高校的化学实验教学中心以及3所普通高中的废液量进行了统计。得到的数据对于学校实验室废液的管理具有一定的参考价值。通过网页浏览、文献检索、实地考察、电话访谈等方式对国内一些知名大学的废液管理状况进行了考查，针对存在的主要问题，提出了进一步加强学校实验室废液管理的建议。     

Climate change impacts on irrigation water requirements in the Guadalquivir river basin in Spain

Irrigated production in the Guadalquivir river basin in Spain has grown significantly over the last decade. As a consequence, water resources are under severe pressure, with an increasing deficit between available supplies and water demand. To conserve supplies, the water authority has reduced the volume of water assigned to each irrigation district. Major infrastructural investments have also been made to improve irrigation efficiency, including the adoption of high technology micro-irrigation systems. Within a context of increasing water scarcity, climate change threatens to exacerbate the current supply-demand imbalance. In this study, the impacts of climate change on irrigation water demand have been modelled and mapped. Using a combination of crop and geographic information systems, maps showing the predicted spatial impacts of changes in agroclimate (climate variables that determine the irrigation requirements) and irrigation need have been produced. The maps highlight a significant predicted increase in aridity and irrigation need. Modelling of irrigation water requirements shows a typical increase of between 15 and 20% in seasonal irrigation need by the 2050s, depending on location and cropping pattern, coupled with changes in seasonal timing of demand.     

Local Air Quality Management policy and practice in the UK: The case for greater Public Health integration and engagement

The UK’s Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) regime is designed to protect people’s health from the ill-effects of air pollution, but it is failing to achieve its full potential. The Public Health aspects of, perspectives on, and integration and engagement in, LAQM have been poorly considered to date. This critical literature review assessed LAQM-related strengths and limitations in order to explore how Public Health, through greater integration and engagement, can add value to the regime.‘Structure’ and ‘process’ weaknesses were identified, including: a poorly defined Public Health role, a narrowly-scoped prescribed process, risk assessment uncertainties, ineffective communications, shallow evaluations and disconnected policies. Separately and cumulatively, these have hindered Public Health integration in LAQM policy and practice and stunted the regime's evolution. Engaging Public Health in LAQM future design and delivery can help solve these problems, by improving risk assessments and raising awareness of air pollution and other health-influencing relationships, targeting action in high-need areas, coordinating air pollution mitigation and health improvement interventions, and connecting different policy areas.Increasing Public Health integration and engagement in LAQM can enhance the existing regime. Acting now is timely from both LAQM and Public Health perspectives. This review's findings should be used to inform debates and decisions around the future development of Local Air Quality Management arrangements both in the UK and beyond.     

北方地区城市污水厂冬季运行管理

以沈阳市北部污水处理厂5年的实际运行管理为例,阐述北方地区城市污水处理厂冬季运行时应注意的问题及对策。