Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China

Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field.     

县级土地利用动态变化及驱动力分析——以郑州市中牟县为例

以郑州市中牟县为例,利用土地详查和统计数据等资料,建立土地利用动态变化模型,分析了中牟县1996-2008年土地利用数量、速度、程度、区域差异等变化,揭示中牟县土地利用变化特征.同时,采用主成分分析法得出城镇化进程和收入水平提高是影响中牟县土地利用变化的主要驱动因素.     

市场经济中的安全工程专业

基于市场经济背景和煤矿企业改革现状，阐明了矿山通风与安全工程专业改革的迫切性和发展的方向，探讨了改革方案。     

小型高压水射流清洗机的应用与前景展望

小型高压水射流清洗机市场已经形成并逐步为各类用户所接受，市场前途广阔，大有作为，但技术尚需完善，需要我们技术、营销人员共同努力巩固、开拓小型高压水射流清洗机市场。     

城市污染治理市场化的可行性研究

分析了国家有关污染治理市场化的政策和法规、国内外的成功经验以及重庆具备有利条件，据测算每个家庭月增加支出污水和垃圾处理费14.35-29.84元。对城市居民的生活质量不会造成明显的负 面影响，表明城市污染治理走市场化之路是可行的。     

太行山油松人工林土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性及其演变机制

土壤水稳性团聚体是反映土壤质量好坏与土壤抗侵蚀能力的重要指标.通过野外调查与室内分析,研究太行山南麓不同恢复年限（33、45和49 a）油松人工林土壤水稳性团聚体的稳定性状况及其影响因素.结果表明:不同恢复年限油松人工林土壤水稳性团聚体均以大团聚体（>0.25 mm）为主,大团聚体含量在80%以上,但恢复49 a油松人工林土壤水稳性大团聚体含量在0~50 cm各土层中均低于恢复33 a油松人工林,且在10~40 cm土层差异显著.随着油松人工林的逐步恢复,>2 mm粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体含量下降,土壤水稳性团聚体分形维数（D）、破坏率（PAD）波动增加,平均质量直径（MWD）和几何平均直径（GMD）在0~40 cm深度范围内明显减小,2 mm粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体可以作为油松人工林土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性的重要度量阈值.土壤黏粒会促使小粒级土壤水稳性团聚体的形成,而有机质、速效磷、速效钾、砂粒等能够促进小粒级土壤水稳性团聚体向大粒级转化,从而提高土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性.研究显示,油松人工林恢复过程中土壤团聚状态良好、稳定性强、分散性弱,但恢复到一定阶段会引起土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性降低,这与土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾以及机械组成变化等有直接关系.      

Renewable Energy Legislation in China:Politicaland Institutional Strategy for EffectiveImplementation

Over the past decade, the Chinese government has developed several plans regulations and policy measures related to the development of renewable energy technologies and has implemented a series of pilot projects. Chinese policymakers have spent several years studying how renewable energy policy models that have been used internationally could be implemented in China. Programs are currently underway to implement pilot renewable portfolio standards, or mandatory market shares (MMS) for renewable energy, in several provinces. This paper examines the primary institutions that are involved in promoting renewable policies in China, the structure of the policies that currently are being drafted, and the status of the complementary, national-level renewable energy law being drafted to provide a legal basis for ongoing local and national-level policies. It then examines the legal requirements for promoting renewable energy legislation under the Chinese law-making system. Finally, it provides recommendations for     

Cross-country electricity trade,renewable energy and European transmission infrastructure policy

This paper develops a multi-country multi-sector general equilibrium model, integrating high-frequency electricity dispatch and trade decisions, to study the effects of electricity transmission infrastructure (TI) expansion and renewable energy (RE) penetration in Europe for gains from trade and carbon dioxide emissions in the power sector. TI can benefit or degrade environmental outcomes, depending on RE penetration: it complements emissions abatement by mitigating dispatch problems associated with volatile and spatially dispersed RE but also promotes higher average generation from low-cost coal if RE production is too low. Against the backdrop of European decarbonization and planned TI expansion, we find that emissions increase for current and targeted year-2020 levels of RE production and decrease for year-2030 targets. Enhanced TI yields sizeable gains from trade that depend positively on RE penetration, without creating large adverse impacts on regional equity.     

Reducing the complexity of the flood vulnerability index

After the flooding in 2002 European governments provided billions of Euros of financial assistance to their citizens. Although there is no doubt that solidarity and some sort of assistance are reasonable, the question arises why these damages were not sufficiently insured. One explanation why individuals reject to obtain insurance cover against natural hazards is that they anticipate governmental and private aid. This problem became to be known as “charity hazard”. The present paper gives an economic analysis of the institutional arrangements on the market for natural disaster insurances focusing on imperfections caused by governmental financial relief. It provides a theoretical explanation why charity hazard is a problem on the market for natural disaster insurances, in the way that it acts as an obstacle for the proper diffusion and therefore the establishment of natural hazard insurances. This paper provides a review of the scientific discussion on charity hazard, provides a theoretical analysis and points out the existing empirical problems regarding this issue.     

七里海湿地土地利用变化及其景观格局演替分析

通过遥感手段,利用大量的ETM、TM、MSS遥感影像,从土地覆盖变化、景观格局指数等角度,分析了近30年七里海湿地的土地利用变化特点及景观演替趋势特征。详细分析了七里海内水域、芦苇等用地类型的转化趋势与成因,并通过多年来景观指数对比的方法揭示了该区域景观连通性和破碎化程度的变化趋势。研究结果表明：由于入境水量减少,1976到2009年期间七里海湿地水域面积减少了80％,之后由于保护区的建立,水域面积持续增长。期间以保护区建立为节点,主要的土地利用类型变化趋势是水域-芦苇-水域。1976到2009年期问七里海总体聚集度指数从95．75下降到87．54、水面的破碎化指数从6．42上升到10．74,反映出区域景观连通性变差,破碎化程度在加剧,人类活动对环境影响越来越深刻。