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排序方式: 共有251条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
Quantifying the importance of diffuse minewater pollution in a historically heavily coal mined catchment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mayes WM Gozzard E Potter HA Jarvis AP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(1):165-175
There has been considerable progress in developing treatment systems for point sources of minewater pollution in recent years; however, there remains a knowledge gap in the characterisation and remediation of diffuse minewater sources. Data are presented from the River Gaunless catchment, a historically heavily coal mined catchment in the northeast of England. Instream iron (Fe) loadings were monitored alongside loadings arising from point minewater discharges over a 12-month period to assess the dynamic importance of diffuse sources of minewater pollution. In low flow, diffuse sources account for around 50% of instream loading, a proportion which increases to 98% in high flow conditions. The low flow sources appear to be dominated by direct discharge of contaminated groundwater to surface waters in lower reaches of the catchment. In high flow, resuspended Fe-rich sediments, which are both naturally occurring and derived from historic mining, become the dominant diffuse source of Fe in the water column. 相似文献
132.
Lead (Pb) isotopic fingerprinting and its applications in lead pollution studies in China: A review 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
As the most widely scattered toxic metal in the world, the sources of lead (Pb) observed in contamination investigation are often difficult to identify. This review presents an overview of the principles, analysis, and applications of Pb isotopic fingerprinting in tracing the origins and transport pathways of Pb in the environment. It also summarizes the history and current status of lead pollution in China, and illustrates the power of Pb isotopic fingerprinting with examples of its recent applications in investigating the effectiveness of leaded gasoline phase-out on atmospheric lead pollution, and the sources of Pb found in various environmental media (plants, sediments, and aquatic organisms) in China. The limitations of Pb isotopic fingerprinting technique are discussed and a perspective on its development is also presented. Further methodological developments and more widespread instrument availability are expected to make isotopic fingerprinting one of the key tools in lead pollution investigation. 相似文献
133.
134.
Rongle Xu Yaobo Fan Yuansong Wei Yawei Wang Nan Luo Min Yang Xing Yuan Rong Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):59-68
Both internal carbon source and some external carbon sources were used to improve the nutrient removal in Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Membrane Bioreactor (A2/O-MBRs), and their technical and cost analysis was investigated. The experimental results showed that the nutrient removals were improved by all the carbon source additions. The total nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency were higher in the experiments with external carbon source additions than that with internal carbon source addition. It was found that pathways of nitrogen and phosphorus transform were different dependent on different carbon source additions by the mass balance analysis. With external carbon source addition, the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred in aerobic zone, and the P-uptake in aerobic phase was evident. Therefore, with addition of C-MHP (internal carbon source produced from sludge pretreatment by microwave-H2O2 process), the denitrification and phosphorus-uptake in anoxic zone was notable. Cost analysis showed that the unit nitrogen removal costs were 57.13 CNY/kg N of C-acetate addition and 54.48 CNY/kgN of C-MHP addition, respectively. The results indicated that the C-MHP has a good technical and economic feasibility to substitute external carbon sources partially for nutrient removal. 相似文献
135.
南黄海冷水团海域及西部近岸区表层沉积物中碳、氮、磷的分布特征及其生态学指示意义 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
基于南黄海西部沉积化学及相关环境因子的调查资料,重点分析和探讨了冷水团海域及近岸区表层沉积物中TOC、TN、TP的分布特征及其生态学指示意义.结果显示,冷水团海域沉积物比近岸区沉积物具有较高的含水率、TOC、TN、TP含量及N/P比.沉积物类型(粒径)、物质来源和沉积环境显著影响着TOC含量,TOC高值主要分布在泥质沉积区.表层沉积物TN与TOC含量在冷水团海域呈显著正相关关系,表明两者的同源性较好,但整个调查海域中TP与TOC、TN无显著相关性,说明其来源较复杂.南黄海冷水团海域和西部近岸浅水区沉积物理化特性之间的显著差异反映了它们受控因素的迥异,冷水团海域沉积物TOC和TN含量受水柱中生物活动的影响较大,上层水体中产生的有机碎屑是其重要的海生物质来源,而浅水区沉积物TN和TP含量受水柱中生物活动的影响相对较小.底层水年平均DO含量对沉积物TOC、TN分布也具有一定影响. 相似文献
136.
近年来,各地纷纷兴建大型火车站房,这类建筑中的楼盖大多为大跨、轻质和低阻尼结构,本文基于人体舒适度考虑,对这些大跨楼盖进行振动舒适度的分析.首先,建立某大型火车站房的整体有限元模型,研究这类建筑中大跨楼盖的振动特性;随后,对楼盖在各种不利工况人群荷载作用下的振动舒适度进行分析;最后,在已有研究的基础上,提出了大跨楼盖多... 相似文献
137.
污泥与城市垃圾混合堆肥技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文介绍了城市污水处理厂污泥与城市生活垃圾混合堆肥技术,对温度、C/N、含水率、通风量等因素对堆肥的影响和物料平衡、无害化以及堆肥肥效等作了阐述. 相似文献
138.
广州市夏、冬季室内外PM2.5质量浓度的特征 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
2004年7月2日至8月13日和2004年11月29日至2005年1月6日分别在广州市3种类型区域(一般城市区域、道路旁、工业源附近)9个居民住宅的室内和室外同步采集了PM2.5颗粒.采用标准称重法测定PM2.5质量浓度,得到广州市夏季住宅室内外PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为67.7、74.5 μg/m3,冬季室内外PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为109.9、123.7 μg/m3.广州市PM2.5平均质量浓度,与美国PM2.5标准相比,与国内PM10标准基础上假设的PM2.5限值相比,与其他一些国内、亚洲和欧美城市的文献记录相比,结果均显示广州市PM2.5处于相当严重污染状态.广州市PM2.5质量浓度呈现明显的空间分布特征和季节变化特征;PM2.5室内质量浓度并不总是低于室外质量浓度,反映了室内空气污染的存在. 相似文献
139.
Peroxy radicals (RO2), which are formed during the oxidation of volatile organic compounds, play an important role in atmospheric oxidation reactions. Therefore, the measurement of RO2, especially distinct species of RO2 radicals, is important and greatly helps the exploration of atmospheric chemistry mechanisms. Although the speciated detection of RO2 radicals remains challenging, various methods have been developed to study them in detail. These methods can be divided into spectroscopy and mass spectrometry technologies. The spectroscopy methods contain laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), UV-absorption spectroscopy, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and matrix isolation and electron spin resonance (MIESR). The mass spectrometry methods contain chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CI-APi-TOF), chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS), CI-Orbitrap-MS and the third-generation proton transfer reaction–time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR3). This article reviews technologies for the speciated detection of RO2 radicals and the applications of these methods. In addition, a comparison of these techniques and the reaction mechanisms of some key species are discussed. Finally, possible gaps are proposed that could be filled by future research into speciated RO2 radicals. 相似文献
140.
In addition to their obvious negative effects (“pathogens”), endoparasites of various kinds play an important role in shaping
and maintaining modern animal communities. In the long-term, parasites including pathogens are indispensable entities of any
ecosystem. To understand this, it is essential that one changes the viewpoint from the host’s interests to that of the parasite.
Together with geographic isolation, trophic arms race, symbiosis, and niche partitioning, all parasites (including balance
strategists, i.e. seemingly non-pathogenic ones) modulate their hosts’ population densities. In addition, heteroxenic parasites
control the balance between predator and prey species, particularly if final and intermediate hosts are vertebrates. Thereby,
such parasites enhance the bonds in ecosystems and help maintain the status quo. As the links between eukaryotic parasites
and their hosts are less flexible than trophic connections, parasite networks probably contributed to the observed stasis
and incumbency of ecosystems over geologic time, in spite of continuous Darwinian innovation. Because heteroxenic parasites
target taxonomic levels above that of the species (e.g. families), these taxa may have also become units of selection in global
catastrophies. Macroevolutionary extrapolations, however, are difficult to verify because endoparasites cannot fossilize. 相似文献