A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables

A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables was presented in this paper.The complete set of procedure included three steps:bioassay,cholinesterase inhibition and GLC analysis.The samples could be identified to be contaminated with pesticides if 5% of house flies was knocked down in 50 tested house flies. Those samples contaminated with pesticides needed to be detected by AChE inhibition method.The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by GLC.Recoveries ranged from 83.7% in Chinese cabbages to 105.6% in tomatoes for pyrethroids,and 84.0% in tomatoes to 102.7% in sweetbell redpeppes for organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to 7.87% for pyrethroids. and 0.33% to 9.88% for organophosphorus compounds with vegetables. The complete set of procedure has been used successfully to analyze 7000 samples collected in Beijing. About 1% of the samp     

物元可拓法用于南京城市绿地土壤重金属污染评价

为合理评价土壤中重金属的污染程度,采用方格网法采集南京城市绿地表层土壤（深度为0~15 cm）样品共计180个,对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr等5种重金属和类金属As的质量分数进行测定,引入Hakanson毒性响应系数,用于体现重金属毒理性质;对传统的超标赋权法进行修正,体现重金属潜在危害程度;采用物元可拓模型对其综合污染水平进行评价,并与传统的內梅罗综合污染指数法进行比较.结果表明:通过Hakanson毒性响应系数修正后的重金属权重发生了不同程度的调整,其中Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb和As的权重分别下降了92.9%、85.1%、68.9%、61.5%和23.2%,而毒性高的Cd的权重则上升130.0%,充分体现了重金属毒理性质;物元可拓方法模型评价结果显示,南京城市绿地土壤重金属污染等级值为2.481,处于Ⅲ级（轻度污染）水平,但部分采样点污染值高,处于Ⅳ级（中度污染）水平,通过对研究区的污染值进行空间插值发现,中度污染集中在研究区域的北部交通密集区和西部工业密集区,人为污染严重.研究显示,物元可拓模型的评价结果与内梅罗综合污染指数法的评价结果基本一致,且更为精确,适用于土壤重金属污染的评价.      

基于遗传集对分析的空气环境质量评价

集对分析是针对确定与不确定问题进行定量分析的一种方法,而表征差异度系数i的取值,一直没有确定的方法,即使在确定了同一度、差异度、对立度之后,整个联系数仍因i的不确定取值而呈现既确定又不确定的特征。文章将遗传算法应用于联系数表达式中i值的优化求解,使得联系数确定化,并结合实例对空气环境质量进行评价,评价结果与用其它方法评价结果比较表明该方法的可行性。     

基于重要度的系统可靠性分配方法

将系统的可靠性分配理论与故障树分析方法相结合,提出按故障树中各个基本事件(元件)的重要度大小进行可靠性分配的新方法.该方法可靠度的分配过程分两步:首先按可靠性再分配原理将系统的可靠度分配到各个最小割集;然后将需要调整可靠度的最小割集看成一个子系统,将最小割集的可靠度按基本事件重要度的大小分配到各个基本事件,即所谓二次分配模型.该方法不仅适用于仅有串、并联的简单系统,而且能够解决具有桥联结构的复杂系统的可靠性分配问题.     

Efficient Delineation of Nested Depression Hierarchy in Digital Elevation Models for Hydrological Analysis Using Level‐Set Method

In terrain analysis and hydrological modeling, surface depressions (or sinks) in a digital elevation model (DEM) are commonly treated as artifacts and thus filled and removed to create a depressionless DEM. Various algorithms have been developed to identify and fill depressions in DEMs during the past decades. However, few studies have attempted to delineate and quantify the nested hierarchy of actual depressions, which can provide crucial information for characterizing surface hydrologic connectivity and simulating the fill‐merge‐spill hydrological process. In this paper, we present an innovative and efficient algorithm for delineating and quantifying nested depressions in DEMs using the level‐set method based on graph theory. The proposed level‐set method emulates water level decreasing from the spill point along the depression boundary to the lowest point at the bottom of a depression. By tracing the dynamic topological changes (i.e., depression splitting/merging) within a compound depression, the level‐set method can construct topological graphs and derive geometric properties of the nested depressions. The experimental results of two fine‐resolution Light Detection and Ranging‐derived DEMs show that the raster‐based level‐set algorithm is much more efficient (~150 times faster) than the vector‐based contour tree method. The proposed level‐set algorithm has great potential for being applied to large‐scale ecohydrological analysis and watershed modeling.     

基于多级有限元方法的导弹武器定寿延寿研究

提出了多级有限元的概念,将导弹结构定寿延寿工作划分为3个有限元分析步骤进行,在有限元分析的过程中考虑了导弹结构原始状态、老化缺陷状态及修理/换件的影响,对导弹结构强度及剩余寿命进行了科学准确的评判.利用该理论对含有老化和裂纹等损伤因素的药柱结构质量状态和对出现的裂纹损伤进行修复的效果进行了评价.结果表明,该方法科学合理...     

Estimation of Normal Variance Based on Balanced and Unbalanced Ranked Set Samples

In this paper we address the problem of estimation of the variance of a normal population based on a balanced as well as an unbalanced ranked set sample (RSS), which is a modification of the original RSS of McIntyre (1952).We have proposed several methods of estimation of variance by combining different unbiased between and within estimators, and compared their performances     

RS-PSO-ELM下腐蚀管道失效压力预测

为提高腐蚀管道失效压力的预测精度并简化其计算过程,提出基于粗糙集(RS)和粒子群算法(PSO)融合极限学习机(ELM)的腐蚀管道失效压力预测模型。通过属性约简提取影响失效压力的关键因素,选用PSO优化ELM的输入权值和隐含层偏差,将归一化的核心指标数据代入计算。结果表明:该模型预测结果与实际值基本一致,与单一ELM模型相比,预测结果的均方差(MSE)降至0.255;与其他蚀管道失效压力评价模型相比,该模型预测结果的绝对误差平均值降至0.32。     

建筑安全事故应急措施推理研究

为了加强对建筑安全事故历史案例经验的利用,提高建筑安全事故应急管理的信息化水平,对如何利用智能化技术制定事故应急措施进行研究。将规则推理引入案例推理中,建立了建筑安全事故应急措施推理模型。通过计算综合相似度,在案例库中检索出相似案例的基础上,根据关键属性运用规则推理对相似案例的应急措施进行适用性修改。计算特征属性权重时,利用灰色关联分析法对传统粗糙集方法进行改进,对冗余属性提出了灰色重要度的概念,避免了冗余属性权重为0的情况。选取基坑事故案例对模型进行实例分析,结果表明:建筑安全事故应急措施推理模型具有普遍适用性,可应用于事故应急管理。     

基于物元可拓模型的尾矿库溃坝风险评价研究

为准确的评价尾矿库溃坝风险等级,建立了物元可拓评价模型:首先确定风险评价指标体系与评价标准,通过隶属函数对评价标准进行隶属化,解决其因特征值超出节域范围导致关联函数失效问题与因量纲不一致而造成的不可公度性问题;然后确定其经典域、节域与待评物元,为评价尾矿库溃坝风险等级提供前提条件;再通过计算简单关联函数值与初等关联函数值,确定各评价指标的权重与各等级的可拓关联度;最后依据最大关联原则,确定风险等级,并计算等级变量特征值以更准确的评价其等级。工程实例应用表明,该方法应用于尾矿库溃坝风险评价准确、符合实际情况。