上海地面紫外线辐射强度的监测

报道了上海地区１９９５－１９９６年地面紫外线辐射强度监测结果，紫外线辐射强度的最大值出现在７，８月份，总体上呈现出夏季－秋季－春季－冬季的趋势，一天中的紫外线辐射强度变化情况是在１２：００－１３：００时出现最高值。     

离子选择电极法测量氟化物不确定度评定

评定了用离子选择电极法测量水和废水中氟化物浓度测量结果的不确定度,含氟量所产生的不确定度、取样体积所产生的不确定度等分量合成标准不确定度。前者包括标准溶液拟合曲线、仪器精密度、标准溶液配制三个不确定度分量。假定取包含因子k=2得到扩展不确定度。     

水质铜测定不确定度的评定

根据火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中的铜含量,分析主要的测量不确定度来源,即标准曲线不确定度、标准溶液不确定度、测量重复性不确定度.计算得到水中铜的测定结果的合成不确定度为0.098mg/L,扩展不确定度为0.196mg/L.     

Assessment of risk from long term exposure to waterborne pathogens

Disease due to waterborne pathogens, whether in outbreak or endemic form, continues to be a problem in both the developing and the developed world. Control of waterborne disease requires accurate assessment of the pathogen dose-response relation and of likely patterns of exposure. Heretofore, risk assessment of pathogen exposure has been done on the basis of several standard biologically plausible dose-response models. In this paper, the problem of estimating the long-term risk from waterborne pathogens is put into a rigorous mathematical and statistical framework. The implications of the biologic assumptions embedded in the dose-response models (e.g., heterogeneity in susceptibility) are fully considered, as are the likely patterns of long-term exposure (e.g., temporal correlations within individuals and heterogeneity of mean exposures). Two types of long-term risk are described, risk per person-time and risk per individual where the latter is the risk of infection at least once. The effects on these risks of heterogeneity in individuals susceptibilities and mean exposures and of temporal correlations of exposures are described, both theoretically and empirically using a sample of experimental data sets. Because different models with equal plausibility may give very different results in the low-dose range but fit the experimental data equally well, we apply the model uncertainty algorithm of Buckland et al. (1997) on example data sets. Finally, the computational aspects of the general problem, which are often challenging, are discussed along with the conditions under which simplifying approximations may be utilized.     

污染治理投资质量与回报量化分析

从环境污染治理投资的相关因子和系数分析入手，对治理投资质量和效果分别建立了量化函数关系，用此计算结果与理论标准值比较，则可确定其投资质量与回报结果。     

如何测量生物膜内的氧浓度变化曲线

生物膜反应器用于废水处理厂处理城市污水，能高效地去除水中的营养物质。我国利用生物技术处理废水已经开展多年。但对生物膜的研究仍处于初级。本文介绍了新型的测氧微传感器（其测量尖部仅为２μｍ）在生物膜内进行测量的系统，设备有方法。     

几种生物药剂对松材线虫毒力的初步测定

生物农药对松材线虫(Burasphelenchus xylophilus)室内毒力的测定表明,6102和褐僵菌素Aschersonia sp.具有较强的控制线虫能力。     

Application of geostatistical methods to arsenic data from soil samples of the Cova dos Mouros mine (Vila Verde-Portugal)

A total of 286 soil samples were collected in the Cova dos Mouros area. All samples were dry sieved into the <200 mesh size fraction and analysed for Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Bi and Mn by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and for As, Se, Sb and Te by atomic absorption spectrometry-hydrid generation (AAS-HG). Only the results of arsenic are discussed in this paper although the survey was extended to all analysed chemical elements. The purpose of this study was to make a risk probability mapping for arsenic that would allow better knowledge about the vulnerability of the soil to arsenic contamination. To achieve this purpose, the initial variable was transformed into an indicator variable using as thresholds the risk-based standards (intervention values) for soils, as proposed by [Swartjes 1999. Risk based assessment of soil and groundwater quality in the Netherlands: Standards and remediation. J. Geochem. Explor.73 1–10]. To account for spatial structure, sample variograms were computed for the main directions of the sampling grid and a spherical model was fitted to each sample variogram (arsenic variable and indicator variables). The parameters of the spherical model fitted to the arsenic variable were used to predict arsenic concentrations at unsampled locations. A risk probability mapping was also done to assess the vulnerability of the soil towards the mining works. The parameters of the spherical model fitted to each indicator variable were used to estimate probabilities of exceeding the corresponding threshold. The use of indicator kriging as an alternative to ordinary kriging for the soil data of Cova dos Mouros produced unbiased probability maps that allowed assessment of the quality of the soil.     

观测误差对非线性环境模型参数识别的影响

采用SCE-UA方法和RSA方法，比较了在不同的观测误差条件下，优化方法和不确定性分析方法对于非线性模型参数识别的影响。分析表明，RSA方法是在具有观测误差的数据条件下进行参数识别的一种有效手段。同时，通过比较分析，发现RSA方法预测的浓度平均值和概率最大值与“真实值”并不完全一致。因此，在使用RSA方法时，应该充分考虑预测区间，以降低决策风险。     

固体燃料烟点测量装置的研制

本文介绍了最近研制的一种用于固体燃料烟点测量的装置及配合烟点准确测定而开发的烟粒监测系统,并就PMMA材料进行了测试。本项研究为固体燃料的火焰高度及烟点的测量,首次提供了合理、可行的技术方法。