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141.
142.
本文使用了详细化学反应动力学机理计算模拟了混合有乙醇及典型自由基引导的甲烷预混火焰结构.该反应机理由Marinov研究组研究发表,包含有56个组分以及372个反应.本文的计算使用了CHEMKIN-3以及预混火焰代码,热力学及输运部分的计算基于Sandia国家实验室和Marinov研究室发布的数据库.火焰结构中主要产物的变化,关键中间产物和次要组分的计算结果显示加入乙醇和自由基都可以减少着火延迟.本文计算了三种不同条件下的火焰结构,分别为预混CH4/O2/N2火焰;预混甲烷/乙醇火焰;和加入引导自由基在甲烷/乙醇混合燃料中.此外还有含有自由基的甲烷火焰和加入乙醇的甲烷火焰比较. 相似文献
143.
对浙西北丘陵地区夏季水稻田的大气甲烷进行浓度监测,结果表明,甲烷浓度的日变化十分明显,中午较低,早晚较高。甲烷浓度的梯度变化比较大。在不同时段及不同气象条件下甲烷的排放通量变化比较复杂。 相似文献
144.
该文介绍了太阳能生态公厕的设计原理并对沈阳市第一座太阳能公厕进行了环境保护指标的监测。该公厕形成了生态系统良性循环 ,污水处理达到了无害化卫生标准。 相似文献
145.
湿地甲烷释放研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
甲烷是一种重要的温室气体,近年来大气甲烷浓度显著增加,湿地甲烷释放量约占全球总释放量的21%,因而是大气甲烷的主要来源之一。本文综述了湿地甲烷产生,释放和氧化过程以及影响因素,以便为国内湿地甲烷排放研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
146.
M. Frei M.A. Razzak M.M. Hossain M. Oehme S. Dewan K. Becker 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):391-398
Lowland rice fields constitute a semi aquatic environment, which is potentially suitable for fish production. Little is known about the effect of fish on greenhouse gas emissions from integrated rice–fish systems. An experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Agricultural University to assess the effect of the stocking of fish on methane emissions from rice fields. Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) were stocked in a mixed culture and subjected to three different input regimes: (1) urea fertilization according to the recommendation of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), (2) supplementary feeding at 2 × maintenance level and (3) an elevated feeding schedule where 4 × maintenance level was fed initially and 2 × maintenance level towards the end of the growth period. Rice only with urea fertilization according to BRRI-recommendation was included as the control. The presence of fish increased methane emissions in all three rice–fish treatments. Average emission over the cropping season was 34, 37, and 32 mg m−2 h−1 in the rice–fish treatments, respectively, and 20 mg m−2 h−1 in rice only. Apart from an increase in methane emission, a significant drop (p < 0.05) in floodwater pH and dissolved oxygen concentration was observed in the rice–fish plots. Both parameters were the lowest in the treatment where a higher feeding rate was provided. Due to the fish activity, floodwater in the rice–fish treatments was more turbid, as reflected in higher particulate inorganic matter (PIOM). An elevated level of dissolved methane was observed in the floodwater of the feed supplemented rice–fish plots. Methane emissions showed negative correlation with morning and afternoon pH of the floodwater (r = −0.46; r = −0.56, p < 0.001) and morning and afternoon dissolved oxygen level (r = −0.53; r = −0.46, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were recorded between morning and afternoon floodwater temperature (r = 0.49; r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and with air temperature (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). The results suggest that the stocking of fish has an increasing effect on methane emissions from rice fields. 相似文献
147.
The present study centered on the composition of landfill gas and its effects on soil and plants at the Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) landfill in Hong Kong This first part of the study was a whole-year monitoring of landfill gas composition in the gas ventilation system installed on top of the landfill Methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene were measured It was shown that gas generation was positively correlated with the amount of precipitation and air temperature and negatively correlated with atmospheric pressure 相似文献
148.
The change of gaseous carbon fluxes following the switch of dominant producers from macrophytes to algae in a shallow subtropical lake of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yangping Xing Ping Xie Hong Yang Aiping Wu Leyi Ni 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):8034-8043
Successions of lake ecosystems from clear-water, macrophyte-rich conditions into turbid states with abundant phytoplankton have taken place in many shallow lakes in China. However, little is know about the change of carbon fluxes in lakes during such processes. We conducted a case study in Lake Biandantang to investigate the change of carbon fluxes during such a regime shift. Dissolved aquatic carbon and gaseous carbon (methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) across air–water interface in three sites with different vegetation covers and compositions were studied and compared. CH4 emissions from three sites were 0.62±0.36, 0.70±0.36, and 1.31±0.57 mg m−2 h−1, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that macrophytes, rather than phytoplankton, directly positively affected CH4 emission. CO2 fluxes of three sites in Lake Biandantang were significantly different, and the average values were 77.8±20.4, 52.2±14.1 and 3.6±26.8 mg m−2 h−1, respectively. There were an evident trend that the larger macrophyte biomass, the lower CO2 emissions. Correlation analysis showed that in different sites, dominant plant controlled CO2 flux across air–water interface. In a year cycle, the percents of gaseous carbon release from lake accounting for net primary production were significantly different (from 39.3% to 2.8%), indicating that with the decline of macrophytes and regime shift, the lake will be a larger carbon source to the atmosphere. 相似文献
149.
Cold season (winter and thaw) CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes from freshwater marshes (47°35′N, 133°31′E, Northeast China) were measured, using the static chamber method. The mean CH4 and CO2 fluxes from Carex lasiocarpa (Cl) were 0.5 ± 0.19 and 6.23 ± 1.36 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, and those from Deyeuxia angustifoli (Da) were 0.18 ± 0.15 and 5.22 ± 2.48 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively in winter. There was no significant difference between Cl and Da (p > 0.05). The contributions of winter CH4 fluxes were about 5.5% and 3% in the Cl and Da, respectively. Marshes are an important potential N2O sink in winter season in northeast China. During thaw, the CH4 and CO2 emissions rapidly increased, 4.5–6 times of winter emissions. Wetland became a source of N2O. Cold season gases flux from northern wetlands play an important role in the seasonal gas exchange. 相似文献
150.
Deflagration explosions of coal dust clouds and flammable gases are a major safety concern in coal mining industry. Accidental fire and explosion caused by coal dust cloud can impose substantial losses and damages to people and properties in underground coal mines. Hybrid mixtures of methane and coal dust have the potential to reduce the minimum activation energy of a combustion reaction. In this study the Minimum Explosion Concentration (MEC), Over Pressure Rise (OPR), deflagration index for gas and dust hybrid mixtures (Kst) and explosive region of hybrid fuel mixtures present in Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) were investigated. Experiments were carried out according to the ASTM E1226-12 guideline utilising a 20 L spherical shape apparatus specifically designed for this purpose.Resultsobtained from this study have shown that the presence of methane significantly affects explosion characteristics of coal dust clouds. Dilute concentrations of methane, 0.75–1.25%, resulted in coal dust clouds OPR increasing from 0.3 bar to 2.2 bar and boosting the Kst value from 10 bar m s−1 to 25 bar m s−1. The explosion characteristics were also affected by the ignitors’ energy; for instance, for a coal dust cloud concentration of 50 g m−3 the OPR recorded was 0.09 bar when a 1 kJ chemical ignitor was used, while, 0.75 bar (OPR) was recorded when a 10 kJ chemical ignitor was used.For the first time, new explosion regions were identified for diluted methane-coal dust cloud mixtures when using 1, 5 and 10 kJ ignitors. Finally, the Le-Chatelier mixing rule was modified to predict the lower explosion limit of methane-coal dust cloud hybrid mixtures considering the energy of the ignitors. 相似文献