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51.
52.
This paper focuses on comparative review and analysis of the systems of environmental protection, national environmental strategies
and fundamentals of environmental legislation in Australia and the Russian Federation. These countries have many socioeconomic
similarities, such as low population densities and richness in natural resources which are largely exported. The main disparity
between Australia and Russia is in the types of economy. This paper ‘continues’ the sequence of recent scholarly publications
on comparison of various features of environmental policies in the countries from all over the world. Comparative analysis
in this research has been based on examination of scholarly publications, legislation, government documents, mass media sources
and NGO responses. The analysis has revealed a number of differences including top-down implementation of policies in Russia
whereas in Australia, each State (Territory) implements policies with significant independence from the Commonwealth Government.
At the same time, similarities between the countries have been identified: for example, in deficits in the budget of local
environmental authorities and in the presence of contradictions in legislation at national and regional levels of government.
Suggestions resulting from this analysis include further integration of sustainable development strategies at all levels of
Australian government to encourage further protection of the environment and, for Russia, creating a separate Ministry of
Environmental Protection. These approaches should assist facilitation of sustainable development for both nations.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
53.
Himayatullah Khan Ehsan Inamullah Khadija Shams 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):375-392
This study explores the interlinkages among population, environment and poverty and presents empirical evidence in a developing
country like Pakistan. It gives alternative views on population environment linkages. It explains poverty trap, market based
harmony, and dual effect of poverty on the basis of a link between population growth and natural resource degradation. In
addition, the paper also highlights social and political instability through population-poverty-environment spiral. It also
presents empirical evidence on population-environment-poverty nexus in Pakistan. It also compares environmental sustainability
index and human development index for selected Asian countries. The paper also gives scores for different components of environmental
sustainability index for Pakistan and compares these with India. The paper concludes that the causal relationship between
poverty and environment works in both directions, often through changes in GDP and population. Population stress does not
have any significant direct effect on all aspects of environmental status in Pakistan.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
54.
Jing Zhu 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2017,15(2):142-146
The concept of sustainable development has experienced great development and change at different levels of theoretical connotation and practical implementation since 1960s and 1970s when it was first proposed. People’s understanding of the relationship between economy, society, and environment has been continuously deepened over the years. When it came to the end of 2015, it is necessary to examine the results of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals on sustainable development, and at the same time, the post-2015 framework and guidance on sustainable development at the global level were to be made, including the ideas, action plans, key areas that would guide the global sustainable development. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has developed a 5P theoretical framework of being people-centered, global environmental security, sustained economic prosperity, social justice and harmony and partnership promotion, including a political declaration, 17 overarching goals and 169 specific targets, specific ways of implementation, as well as the follow-up. It is the road map to achieve global sustainable development and meet the requirements of the millennium development goals. This paper summarizes the understanding of the concept of sustainable development from its origin, its significant development, to the proposition and development of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and its strategic impact on China. 相似文献
55.
56.
本文介绍了炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质的研制过程。对标准物质的制备技术、均匀性检验、稳定性考察及定值和不确定度进行了逐项分析。采用活性炭浸渍、煅烧技术制得炭催化剂吸附剂标准物质。试验结果表明,该标准物质定值结果准确,均匀性、稳定性良好。铜含量的标准值为11.06%,扩展不确定度为0.13%。 相似文献
57.
天池风景资源开发过程中的环境预警评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在天池风景名胜区专家咨询和环境质量综合分析的基础上,对天池风景名胜区旅游资源的开发活动进行了预警评价,提出了天池风景名胜区风景资源开发的保护对策,为天池景区的环境管理工作提供了依据。 相似文献
58.
上海市环境空气质量监测体系规划设计 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
简述了上海市环境空气质量监测的历史和现状,指出了环境空气质量监测发展需求,构建了上海市空气质量监测系统规划框架;提出应构建上海市环境综合信息和公共数据平台,建设发展地基遥感探空、空基和天基遥感反演技术,建立长三角区域大气复合污染监测体系。 相似文献
59.
MAYEUL DALLEAU SERGE ANDRÉFOUËT COLETTE C.C. WABNITZ CLAUDE PAYRI LAURENT WANTIEZ MICHEL PICHON KIM FRIEDMAN LAURENT VIGLIOLA FRANCESCA BENZONI 《Conservation biology》2010,24(2):541-552
Abstract: Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been highlighted as a means toward effective conservation of coral reefs. New strategies are required to more effectively select MPA locations and increase the pace of their implementation. Many criteria exist to design MPA networks, but generally, it is recommended that networks conserve a diversity of species selected for, among other attributes, their representativeness, rarity, or endemicity. Because knowledge of species’ spatial distribution remains scarce, efficient surrogates are urgently needed. We used five different levels of habitat maps and six spatial scales of analysis to identify under which circumstances habitat data used to design MPA networks for Wallis Island provided better representation of species than random choice alone. Protected‐area site selections were derived from a rarity–complementarity algorithm. Habitat surrogacy was tested for commercial fish species, all fish species, commercially harvested invertebrates, corals, and algae species. Efficiency of habitat surrogacy varied by species group, type of habitat map, and spatial scale of analysis. Maps with the highest habitat thematic complexity provided better surrogates than simpler maps and were more robust to changes in spatial scales. Surrogates were most efficient for commercial fishes, corals, and algae but not for commercial invertebrates. Conversely, other measurements of species‐habitat associations, such as richness congruence and composition similarities provided weak results. We provide, in part, a habitat‐mapping methodology for designation of MPAs for Pacific Ocean islands that are characterized by habitat zonations similar to Wallis. Given the increasing availability and affordability of space‐borne imagery to map habitats, our approach could appreciably facilitate and improve current approaches to coral reef conservation and enhance MPA implementation. 相似文献
60.
Ross Henderson 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(2):73-76
This paper provides an outline of the development planning and development control systems which operate in Scotland, illustrating that while they share common principles and objectives with the equivalent systems in England and Wales there are a number of important differences both in law and more especially in practice to be appreciated. Future changes are outlined both in relation to the statutory planning system as well as in the broader fields of housing, economic development and the countryside. 相似文献