南半球气候变暖对西北太平洋热带气旋的影响

在分析南半球地面气温序列和西北太平洋热带气旋序列的基础上，讨论了南半球气候变暖对西北太平洋上热带气旋的影响和可能的机制。结果表明，随着南半球气候变暖，西北太平洋上热带气旋的频数减少，强度减弱；同时，随着南半球气候变暖，西北太平洋上强台风的频数将减少，最大中心风速将减弱。一种可能的机制是由于从南半球侵入西北太平洋的冷空气随着南半球气候的变暖而减弱。     

我国重大气候灾害特征、形成机理和预测研究

简要地介绍了我国气候灾害的种类、时空分布特征及其造成的经济损失；并从东亚气候系统海一陆- 气相互作用的观点，结合１９９８年夏季长江、松花江和嫩江流域特大洪涝发生的具体实例分析了我国气候灾害发生的主要原因；此外，还回顾了目前我国气候预测的实际情况。提出了关于气候灾害预测研究中急待解决的几个问题．     

哈尔滨市热岛效应与植被的关系——基于RS和GIS的定量研究

利用遥感和地理信息系统技术对Landsat ETM＋热红外遥感数据进行处理，反演和计算了哈尔滨城区的地面亮温和植被指数。通过剖面分析，研究了城区温度场的空间格局与植被盖度的关系；通过多元回归分析，揭示了城区热岛效应同多个指数的相关关系。结果表明：市内的道外区是热岛效应的主要分布区，道里区、香坊区的情况也比较严重；铁路沿线区域是城区主要的热岛效应地带；植被盖度和地面亮温呈反相关关系；植被和水体区域可以缓解城市的热岛效应。通过对市区热岛效应分析，可以监测城市化进程，为城市热环境质量评价和热源调查提供准确、丰富的信息。     

近43年来小兴安岭及周边地区的气候变化特征

利用黑龙江省的逐日气象资料,对过去43年中的小兴安岭及周边地区的气候变化特征进行了分析,并与黑龙江全省的情况进行了比较.结果表明:该地区的气候变化特征与黑龙江全省基本一致,气候特征的季节性变化比较明显,同时小兴安岭地区的气候变化对周边地区产生了一定的影响.全省范围内气温均呈变暖趋势,小兴安岭最低气温的升高对其周边地区有一定的拉动作用全省以及小兴安岭及其周边地区年降水量出现较大波动的同时,降水越来越集中,且小兴安岭及其周边地区的水分条件要好于全省的平均水平.     

Conservation of biodiversity through taxonomy,data publication,and collaborative infrastructures

Taxonomy is the foundation of biodiversity science because it furthers discovery of new species. Globally, there have never been so many people involved in naming species new to science. The number of new marine species described per decade has never been greater. Nevertheless, it is estimated that tens of thousands of marine species, and hundreds of thousands of terrestrial species, are yet to be discovered; many of which may already be in specimen collections. However, naming species is only a first step in documenting knowledge about their biology, biogeography, and ecology. Considering the threats to biodiversity, new knowledge of existing species and discovery of undescribed species and their subsequent study are urgently required. To accelerate this research, we recommend, and cite examples of, more and better communication: use of collaborative online databases; easier access to knowledge and specimens; production of taxonomic revisions and species identification guides; engagement of nonspecialists; and international collaboration. “Data‐sharing” should be abandoned in favor of mandated data publication by the conservation science community. Such a step requires support from peer reviewers, editors, journals, and conservation organizations. Online data publication infrastructures (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Ocean Biogeographic Information System) illustrate gaps in biodiversity sampling and may provide common ground for long‐term international collaboration between scientists and conservation organizations.     

经济发展与环境退化的动态演进——环境库兹涅茨曲线研究进展

环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）阐述了经济发展和环境退化之间的动态演进过程，即随着经济的发展环境先不断恶化，到达顶点后逐渐改善。从实证研究、计量模型和分解分析三条线索回顾总结了国内外研究成果。随着EKC研究的发展，环境指标从污染指标扩展到资源生态指标和环境效率指标，而实证研究表明并非所有的环境指标和经济变量之间都存在“倒U型”关系。目前计量模型以简化式为多，结构式较少。由于分解分析方法能够定量化各种影响因素对污染排放变化的贡献率，因而在EKC成因研究中日益受到重视。尽管研究取得了较大进展，但生态环境阈值、污染的时空转移、数据处理与模型方法、环境控制政策和管理等方面仍需进一步研究，关键要在数据处理和模型构建方面取得突破。     

地震前兆资料减灾信息的综合开发

近一、二十年建立起来的地震前兆观测台网,不仅为地震预测预报提供了大量科学数据,而且蕴藏着丰富的减灾信息,有待我们去开发。综合观测、综合分析和综合预报是防灾减灾的必由之路。     

Pollution performance of firms from pulp and paper industries

The water pollution emissions by 13 of the largest pulp and paper companies, developed on the basis of monthly reports filed with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by these companies, indicate a wide disparity in the amount of pollution discharged by them into the nation's waterways. Furthermore, the net discharge of pollution in waterways by all firms is positive, which indicates that all the firms in the study pollute the nation's waterways to some degree. Information presented in this study will be useful for public issues, such as evaluating the effectiveness of the Clean Water Act, government's water pollution policy and abatement strategy, and management's effectiveness in abating water pollution.     

GOALS AND DATA COLLECTION DESIGNS FOR WATER QUALITY MONITORING1

ABSTRACT: Water quality monitoring cannot address every information need through one data collection procedure. This paper discusses the goals and related procedures for designing water quality monitoring programs. The discussion focuses on the broad information needs of those agencies operating water quality networks. These information needs include the ability to assess trends and environmental impacts, determine compliance with objectives or standards, estimate mass transport, and perform general surveillance. Each of these information needs has different data requirements. This paper outlines these goals and discusses factors to consider in developing a monitoring plan on a site by site basis.     

影响污染源监测数据质量因素分析

阐述了环境监测中，影响污染源监测数据质量的因素主要可归纳为取样、流量、分析3个方面。