Development and Testing of a Physically Based Model of Streambank Erosion for Coupling with a Basin‐Scale Hydrologic Model SWAT

A comprehensive streambank erosion model based on excess shear stress has been developed and incorporated in the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). It takes into account processes such as weathering, vegetative cover, and channel meanders to adjust critical and effective stresses while estimating bank erosion. The streambank erosion model was tested for performance in the Cedar Creek watershed in north‐central Texas where streambank erosion rates are high. A Rapid Geomorphic field assessment (RAP‐M) of the Cedar Creek watershed was done adopting techniques developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), and the stream segments were categorized into various severity classes. Based on the RAP‐M field assessment, erosion pin sites were established at seven locations within the severely eroding streambanks of the watershed. A Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to assess the sensitivity of different parameters that control streambank erosion such as critical shear stress, erodibility, weathering depth, and weathering duration. The sensitive parameters were adjusted and the model was calibrated based on the bank erosion severity category identified by the RAP‐M field assessment. The average observed erosion rates were in the range 25‐367 mm year^?1. The SWAT model was able to reasonably predict the bank erosion rates within the range of variability observed in the field (R² = 0.90; E = 0.78). Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series.     

黄淮海地区鸡粪有机肥重金属含量特征及环境风险

本文调查黄淮海地区5省2市120种商品鸡粪有机肥样品,分析测定有机肥中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量、形态分布以及浸提毒性.结果表明,有机肥中重金属含量差异较大,表现为ZnCuPbAsCd,与有机肥行业标准相比,Cd、As、Pb存在超标现象,分别为6.7%、47.05%和14.28%,不同省市间重金属含量差异明显.有机肥中Cd、Zn主要以铁锰结合态存在,分别占37.3%和43.79%(质量分数),而残渣态Pb、有机结合态Cu,交换态As比例较高.有机肥中TCLP-Zn、-Cu、-Cd、-Pb和-As含量分别为41.11、3.33、0.07、1.25和0.21 mg·kg~(-1),有机肥中Zn和Pb含量超标数为6和5个,分布在河北省和江苏省.有机肥中Zn、Cu、Cd和As总量与TCLP提取态含量存在显著相关性(P0.05).按鸡粪有机肥年施肥量15t·hm-2推算鸡粪有机肥安全使用年限:河南天津安徽=山东=江苏河北北京.     

Prenatal evaluation of fetal neck masses in preparation for the EXIT procedure: the value of pulmonary Doppler ultrasonography (PDU)

Sonographic demonstration of normal tracheal diameter and breathing-related lung fluid flow at 30 weeks' gestation in a fetus with a giant neck mass confirmed patent airways, thus avoiding an EXIT procedure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微波技术处理试油废液的实验研究

试油废液具有黏度高、COD高、色度深、气味恶臭等特点,常规技术工艺复杂、处理时间长、成本高。微波技术具有加热、诱导催化、辅助絮凝等优势,能产生物理、化学和生物效应。微波应用于试油废液处理可大大提高处理效率,实验表明:应用微波处理试油废液絮凝剂加量减少25%,处理时间仅为常规工艺的1/3,微波作用使COD去除率由常规Fenton氧化的50%提高到80%,反应时间由30min缩短到10min,pH值在3～6之间、FeSO4.·7H2O加量0.15g、活性炭加量2g、H2O2加量2g,COD值可降至100mg/L以下。     

采用TOT模式的城镇污水处理厂项目实施过程分析

以某城镇污水处理厂TOT项目为例,介绍了城镇污水处理厂项目TOT实施流程,对关键实施过程逐一进行了分析.结果表明,在实施城镇污水处理厂TOT项目时,对项目进行尽职调查、技术分析、财务分析和风险分析是实施的关键过程,为相关工程项目具体操作提供参考.     

可靠性鉴定试验受试样品的软硬件联合测试技术

为了研究一种可靠性鉴定试验中受试样品的软硬件联合测试方法,首先总结了软硬件联合测试的目的、对象、实施时机及传统测试需要的改进之处和可借鉴之处,进一步研究了软硬件联合测试与传统可靠性试验的关系。然后在考查软件与硬件测试结合的基础上,提出了两层结构立体测试运行剖面的方法,即利用子剖面与环境剖面的对应关系建立软件测试与硬件测试的联系,将两种测试统一在同一时间轴上,得出了软硬件联合测试的一般流程。     

SEQUENT PEAK PROCEDURE: MINIMUM RESERVOIR CAPACITY SUBJECT TO CONSTRAINT ON FINAL STORAGE1

ABSTRACT: When the sequent peak procedure is used to size a reservoir, two cycles of inflows and drafts are analyzed. The use of two cycles results in the identification of the minimum reservoir capacity which, when simulated with the design inflows and drafts, will not only meet demands, but will also result in a final storage which equals or exceeds the initial storage. Demonstration of optimality follows from consideration of a method which is equivalent to the sequent peak procedure.     

OPTIMAL LONG-TERM SCHEDULING OF STORMWATER DRAINAGE REHABILITATION1

ABSTRACT: A mathematical model is developed to optimally schedule long-term stormwater infrastructure rehabilitation activities. The model is capable of considering multiple rehabilitation projects and is driven by overall cost eensiderations. Rehabilitation activities are scheduled based on perceived reliabilities and future deterioration expected within the specified planning horizon. Future growth within the stormwater drainage basin is incorporated using chance constraints that limit the likelihood that a stormwater discharge exceeds system conveyance capacity. Model structure and development are discussed, and a hypothetical example using a drainage network is presented.     

噪声背景值对噪声监测结果的影响

环境背景噪声对边界噪声监测结果有没有影响,有多大的影响,本文就此作了一些探讨,就背景噪声对监测结果修正提出了一些看法。笔者认为：测量值与背景的差值超过１０分贝时,可以忽略背景值对测量结果的影响;测量值与背景值差值在３－１０分贝时,根据公式Ｌ测＝１０Ｌｇ「１０＾０．１Ｌ实际＋１０＾０．１Ｌ背」计算出经背景值修正后的实际值Ｌ实际;当测量值与背景值的差值小于３分贝时,应重新选时间测定。