基于CMAQ和HYSPLIT模式的日照市夏季臭氧污染成因和来源分析

日照市作为典型沿海城市,近年来O₃污染日益严重,为探究O₃污染成因和来源,基于CMAQ模型的IPR过程分析和ISAM源追踪工具分别量化不同物理化学过程,不同源追踪区域对日照市O₃的贡献,并对比在O₃超标日和非超标日的差异,结合HYSPLIT模式探究日照市O₃的区域输送路径.结果表明,以日照市及周边为CMAQ模拟区域,O₃超标日与非超标日相比,日照市和连云港市沿海附近O₃、 NO_x和VOCs浓度明显增加,这主要是由于超标日日照市为西风、西南风和东风的辐合区,易于污染物的输送并累积;过程分析显示,输送过程(TRAN)对日照市和连云港市沿海附近的近地面O₃贡献在超标日明显增加,而对临沂以西大部分区域贡献减小.光化学反应(CHEM)在各个高度对日照市白天O₃浓度均为正贡献,TRAN在离地0～60 m为正贡献,在60 m以上主要为负贡献,超标日CHEM和TRAN在离地0～60 m...     

Proposal for an Indexical Method of Evaluating Risk of Hand Tool Operators’ Exposure to Mechanical Vibrations

The article presents proposals for an indexical evaluation of exposure of hand tool operators to vibrations. The presented indices have been developed on the basis of the results of laboratory tests. The examinations studied the effect of pressure force and grip force exerted by an operator on a hand tool as well as the amplitudes and frequencies of an exciting signal on vibrations transmitted in the hand-tool handle system.     

电动汽车辐射源的仿真分析

本文运用目前较为流行的三种仿真工具来对电动汽车辐射源进行仿真分析,运用MATLAB的simulink模块对汽车电池模型等效电路进行模型的搭建与仿真分析电路电流,得到电流的表达式和仿真图,再根据对电流图形进行曲线拟合,得到电流的近似表达式。把表达式当作是时间的函数,这样就可以将电池工作时的电流导入到CST中并作为激励源进行空间的仿真分析,得到电磁波的分布图。     

空气质量指数计算方法在Excel中VBA的实现简

空气质量指数计算方法是目前全国各城市空气质量重要信息发布的基础,广泛应用于城市空气自动监测的空气质量评价。依据《HJ 633-2012环境空气质量指数（AQI）技术规定（试行）》发布环境空气质量指数（AQI）计算方法,利用VBA在Excel下编写宏程序,可以轻松实现空气质量日报信息的发布,使用户从手工重复性的填充和插入函数操作方式中彻底解放出来。     

Beyond the cage: Ecosystem modelling for impact evaluation in aquaculture

An ecosystem modelling approach was used in two areas of the Eastern Mediterranean in order to examine the effects of aquaculture on the ecology of the water column. Aquaculture expansion to meet demands of a growing population is followed by concerns about keeping impacts within socially acceptable limits. Primarily the study aimed at investigating the fate of nutrients from finfish culture and evaluating changes in chemical and biological characteristics of the water body. The model used, Aquaculture Integrated Model (AIM), is based on a complex generic biogeochemical model coupled to a 3D hydrodynamic model. Selected areas included a finfish farm in the Northern Aegean, Greece and an aquaculture development area in Vassiliko, Cyprus. Ecosystem effects were evaluated on the basis of scale and importance. Scenarios under different production levels and hydrodynamic conditions were explored at the sites. Model results showed that farm discharges are rapidly dispersed from their point source in addition to a tendency for effluents to accumulate at distances not normally associated directly with farming activity. The wide range of parameters available in the model helped identify parameters more likely to be affected by the farming activities. There was a satisfactory correlation between observed and predicted model outputs. This study demonstrates the importance of approaching aquaculture impacts at an ecosystem level and the utility of a modelling tool to this end.     

安全社区中居民安全感测量方法研究

为完善现有安全社区评审工具,使之更具可操作性,对安全社区中居民安全感测量方法进行研究。通过选取安全社区评审中的"居民安全满意度"指标,界定居民安全感概念,运用查阅文献、专家访谈、头脑风暴、问卷调查、数据包络分析、方差分析、贡献率分析、区组因子分析、公式编写等方法与手段,建立以调查问卷及运算规则为基础的居民安全感指数评价模型。通过对安全社区建设不同阶段的3类社区样本均值及样本标准差的假设检验分析,验证以居民安全感程度为考察对象的安全社区评审工具在安全社区评定中的适用性。     

Developing China's roadmap for air quality improvement: A review on technology development and future prospects

Air pollution control policies in China have been experiencing profound changes, highlighting a strategic transformation from total pollutant emission control to air quality improvement, along with the shifting targets starting from acid rain and NO_x emissions to PM_2.5 pollution, and then the emerging O₃ challenges. The marvelous achievements have been made with the dramatic decrease of SO₂ emission and fundamental improvement of PM_2.5 concentration. Despite these achievements, China has proposed Beautiful China target through 2035 and the goal of 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutrality, which impose stricter requirements on air quality and synergistic mitigation with Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Against this background, an integrated multi-objective and multi-benefit roadmap is required to provide decision support for China's long-term air quality improvement strategy. This paper systematically reviews the technical system for developing the air quality improvement roadmap, which was integrated from the research output of China's National Key R&D Program for Research on Atmospheric Pollution Factors and Control Technologies (hereafter Special NKP), covering mid- and long-term air quality target setting techniques, quantitative analysis techniques for emission reduction targets corresponding to air quality targets, and pathway optimization techniques for realizing reduction targets. The experience and lessons derived from the reviews have implications for the reformation of China's air quality improvement roadmap in facing challenges of synergistic mitigation of PM_2.5 and O₃, and the coupling with climate change mitigation.     

Waste management project's alternatives: A risk-based multi-criteria assessment (RBMCA) approach

This paper examines the evaluation of a waste management project’s alternatives through a quantitative risk analysis. Cost benefit analysis is a widely used method, in which the investments are mainly assessed through the calculation of their evaluation indicators, namely benefit/cost (B/C) ratios, as well as the quantification of their financial, technical, environmental and social risks. Herein, a novel approach in the form of risk-based multi-criteria assessment (RBMCA) is introduced, which can be used by decision makers, in order to select the optimum alternative of a waste management project. Specifically, decision makers use multiple criteria, which are based on the cumulative probability distribution functions of the alternatives’ B/C ratios. The RBMCA system is used for the evaluation of a waste incineration project’s alternatives, where the correlation between the criteria weight values and the decision makers’ risk preferences is analyzed and useful conclusions are discussed.     

Screening of process alternatives based on sustainability metrics: comparison of two decision-making approaches

Importance of sustainability concerns demands consideration of sustainability design criteria in early stages of process design. Most often there are several alternatives for a particular process which must be compared in terms of sustainability metrics to select the most sustainable design. There are several tools available for evaluation of process alternatives in terms of sustainability concerns. However, there is a need for a screening method which enables engineers to compare and select several alternatives in terms of a multitude of metrics and also incorporate their preferences if required. This study utilizes a recently developed sustainability evaluator for process evaluation and compares overall impact factor method for process screening with a novel fuzzy-based approach. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated though application of the methodology on ibuprofen case study to select the most sustainable design.     

新型动火安全防护盲板的研究与应用

介绍了新型石油石化生产动火作业配套工具动火安全防护盲板的结构、原理和使用方法 ,分析了它的特点和推广应用前景