全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10690篇 |
免费 | 1184篇 |
国内免费 | 5833篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1810篇 |
废物处理 | 519篇 |
环保管理 | 1127篇 |
综合类 | 9290篇 |
基础理论 | 1854篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 1893篇 |
评价与监测 | 605篇 |
社会与环境 | 350篇 |
灾害及防治 | 257篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 68篇 |
2023年 | 504篇 |
2022年 | 641篇 |
2021年 | 675篇 |
2020年 | 710篇 |
2019年 | 683篇 |
2018年 | 570篇 |
2017年 | 579篇 |
2016年 | 669篇 |
2015年 | 718篇 |
2014年 | 704篇 |
2013年 | 1063篇 |
2012年 | 1055篇 |
2011年 | 1154篇 |
2010年 | 721篇 |
2009年 | 901篇 |
2008年 | 763篇 |
2007年 | 877篇 |
2006年 | 856篇 |
2005年 | 604篇 |
2004年 | 536篇 |
2003年 | 452篇 |
2002年 | 356篇 |
2001年 | 300篇 |
2000年 | 292篇 |
1999年 | 232篇 |
1998年 | 183篇 |
1997年 | 168篇 |
1996年 | 129篇 |
1995年 | 115篇 |
1994年 | 109篇 |
1993年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中壬基酚 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定生活污水中的壬基酚,优化了萃取纤维涂层材料、萃取时间与温度、解析时间与温度、盐度、pH值、搅拌速度等试验参数。方法在0.001mg/L-1.00mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.0006mg/L,标准溶液平行测定的RSD为7.6%,生活污水加标回收率为42.7%-74.0%。 相似文献
62.
广州市白云山降水的化学特征及源解析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以2006年广州市白云山降水监测资料为基础,对其降水样品的化学特征进行了分析。结果表明,白云山降水样品pH值分布为3.04—6.41,雨量加权pH平均值为4.26,酸雨频率为70.2%,降水中的主要阳离子是Ca^2+和NH^+4分别占阳离子总量的46.4%和17.5%;主要阴离子为SO^2-4和NO^-3,分别占阴离子总量的59.0%和19.9%。相对酸度(FA)和中和因子(NF)计算结果表明,约有84.7%的降水酸度被碱性成分Ca^2+和NH^+4中和。利用富集系数方法,计算结果表明SO^2-4和NO^-3主要来源于人类活动,而Ca^2+和K^+主要来源于岩石/土壤风化。 相似文献
63.
Aishah S. A. K. Sharifah Hanafiah Zainal Abidin Mohamad R. Sulaiman Kheng H. Khoo Hairi Ali 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):116-123
Malaysia is in dire need of alternatives to landfilling for solid waste management. Recently, landfills have faced the problems
of overfilling, overflowing of leachates leading to pollution of water resources, and uncontrolled dust emissions adversely
affecting the local environment. With the rising cost of urbanization coupled with the high rate of waste generation, one
possible method of waste treatment that is receiving particular attention by the government is incineration. Incineration
of solid waste is rather new in Malaysia, with limited usage in handling small sources of waste generation such as the municipal
solid waste (MSW) of resort islands; however, its potential in ameliorating the problems associated with solid waste treatment
may make it an attractive alternative to landfill. This article presents the results of test runs conducted to investigate
the performance of a locally designed and manufactured rotary kiln incinerator (RKI). The test runs were conducted using MSW
collected from the Shah Alam municipality. The combustion efficiency was analyzed by looking at the temperature profiles and
chemical species concentrations. To complement the combustion characteristics measurements, predictions of the air flow in
the incinerator during the process were also investigated. The overall performance of the RKI suggests that it is suitable
for treating MSW. 相似文献
64.
V. L. Finkenstadt C.-K. Liu P. H. Cooke L. S. Liu J. L. Willett 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(1):19-26
Sorbitol and glycerol were used to plasticize sugar beet pulp-poly(lactic acid) green composites. The plasticizer was incorporated
into sugar beet pulp (SBP) at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% w/w at low temperature and shear and then compounded with poly(lactic
acid) (PLA) using twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. The SBP:PLA ratio was maintained at 30:70. As expected, tensile
strength decreased by 25% and the elongation increased. Acoustic emission (AE) showed correlated debonding and fracture mechanisms
for up to 20% w/w plasticizer and uncorrelated debonding and fracture for 30–40% sorbitol and 30% glycerol content in SBP–PLA
composites. All samples had a well dispersed SBP phase with some aggregation in the PLA matrix. However, at 40% glycerol plasticized
SBP–PLA composites exhibited unique AE behavior and confocal microscopy revealed the plasticized SBP and PLA formed a co-continuous
two phase system.
相似文献
V. L. FinkenstadtEmail: |
65.
Yasundo?KurataEmail author Yusaku?Ono Yoshiro?Ono 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):144-152
The concentrations of 41 phenols in leachates from 38 municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill sites in Japan were measured. The
main phenols detected in leachates were phenol, three cresols, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tertoctylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol
A, and some chlorophenols. The concentration levels of phenols were affected by the pH values of the leachates and the different
types of landfill waste. The origins of phenol and p-cresol were considered to be incineration residues, and the major origin of 4-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
was considered to be solidified fly ash. In contrast, the major origins of 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were considered
to be incombustibles. The discharge of leachates to the environment around MSW landfill sites without water treatment facilities
can cause environmental pollution by phenols. In particular, the disposal of incineration residues including solidified fly
ash and the codisposal of solidified fly ash and incombustibles might raise the possibility of environmental pollution. Moreover,
the discharge of leachates at pH values of 9.8 or more could pollute the water environment with phenol. However, phenol, 4-nonylphenol,
and bisphenol A can be removed to below the con centration levels that impact the environment around landfill sites by a series
of conventional water treatment processes. 相似文献
66.
A critical component of community-based disaster preparedness (CBDP) is a local resource database of suppliers providing physical, information and human resources for use in disaster response. Maintenance of such a database can become a collaborative responsibility among community-based non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and public and private community organisations. In addition to mobilising resources, this process raises awareness within the community and aids in assessing local knowledge and resources. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on implementing a community-based resource database through collaboration with local American Red Cross chapters and public and private community organisations. The design of the resource database is described. The resource database is accessible via the internet and offline using laptops and handheld Personal Digital Assistants. The study concludes that CBDP is strengthened through a combination of appropriate information technology and collaborative relationships between NGOs and community-based organisations. 相似文献
67.
Used engine oils contain metals, which upon entering soils may pose risks to human health or the environment. In this study, previously published concentrations of 23 metals in 213 used engine oil samples from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s are statistically evaluated. Neat (100%) used engine oils were found to contain relatively high concentrations of lead, calcium, and zinc, attributable to piston blow-by of leaded gasoline, calcium salt detergent additives, and zinc-bearing anti-corrosion/anti-oxidation additives, respectively. Wear metal concentrations were lower. The lead concentration in used engine oils in the U.S. declined between the 1970s and early 1990s, potentially providing a basis to constrain the “age” of used engine oil(s) in soils. The concentrations of 23 metals in used engine oils were compared to soil risk benchmarks in 15 representative jurisdictions in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and Europe. The maximum concentrations in neat (100%) used engine oil of eight metals – Be, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, Ag, and Ti – were lower than their collective minimum benchmarks in soils for the jurisdictions surveyed, indicating their concentrations in soils could not be reasonably expected to exceed any soil benchmarks. Nine metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sn, V and Zn), but particularly arsenic, cadmium, lead, tin, and zinc, were identified as potential contaminants of concern (PCOC) for soils from locations impacted with used engine oils, owing to their higher median concentrations (i.e., 2.5, 1.4, 1038, 5.0, and 922 mg/kg in oil, respectively) relative to most soil benchmarks. Site-specific benchmarks and metal concentrations at reasonable oil in soil concentrations require consideration when developing the suite of PCOC metal analytes for conducting site assessments of soils impacted by used engine oil. 相似文献
68.
The humanitarian common logistic operating picture: a solution to the inter‐agency coordination challenge 下载免费PDF全文
Although significant progress has been made in developing the practice of humanitarian logistics, further improvements in efficiency and effectiveness have the potential to save lives and reduce suffering. This paper explores how the military/emergency services’ concept of a common operating picture (COP) can be adapted to the humanitarian logistics context, and analyses a practical and proven approach to addressing the key challenge of inter‐agency coordination and decision‐making. Successful adaptation could provide the mechanism through which predicted and actual demands, together with the location and status of material in transit, are captured, evaluated, and presented in real time as the basis for enhanced decision‐making between actors in the humanitarian supply network. Through the introduction of a humanitarian logistics COP and its linkages to national disaster management systems, local communities and countries affected by disasters and emergencies will be better placed to oversee and manage their response activities. 相似文献
69.
Based on the China high resolution emission gridded data (1 km spatial resolution), this article is aimed to create a Chinese city carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data set using consolidated data sources as well as normalized and standardized data processing methods. Standard methods were used to calculate city CO2 emissions, including scope 1 and scope 2. Cities with higher CO2 emissions are mostly in north, northeast, and eastern coastal areas. Cities with lower CO2 emissions are in the western region. Cites with higher CO2 emissions are clustered in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region (such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan), and the Yangtze River Delta region (such as Shanghai and Suzhou). The city per capita CO2 emission is larger in the north than the south. There are obvious aggregations of cities with high per capita CO2 emission in the north. Four cities among the top 10 per capita emissions (Erdos, Wuhai, Shizuishan, and Yinchuan) cluster in the main coal production areas of northern China. This indicates the significant impact of coal resources endowment on city industry and CO2 emissions. The majority (77%) of cities have annual CO2 emissions below 50 million tons. The mean annual emission, among all cities, is 37 million tons. Emissions from service-based cities, which include the smallest number of cities, are the highest. Industrial cities are the largest category and the emission distribution from these cities is close to the normal distribution. Emissions and degree of dispersion, in the other cities (excluding industrial cities and service-based cities), are in the lowest level. Per capita CO2 emissions in these cities are generally below 20 t/person (89%) with a mean value of 11 t/person. The distribution interval of per capita CO2 emission within industrial cities is the largest among the three city categories. This indicates greater differences among per capita CO2 emissions of industrial cities. The distribution interval of per capita CO2 emission of other cities is the lowest, indicating smaller differences of per capita CO2 emissions among this city category. Three policy suggestions are proposed: first, city CO2 emission inventory data in China should be increased, especially for prefecture level cities. Second, city responsibility for emission reduction, and partitioning the national goal should be established, using a bottom-up approach based on specific CO2 emission levels and potential for emission reductions in each city. Third, comparative and benchmarking research on city CO2 emissions should be conducted, and a Top Runner system of city CO2 emission reduction should be established. 相似文献
70.
Both the ‘cascade model’ of ecosystem service provision and the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework individually contribute to the understanding of human–nature interactions in social–ecological systems (SES). Yet, as several points of criticism show, they are limited analytical tools when it comes to reproducing complex cause–effect relationships in such systems. However, in this paper, we point out that by merging the two models, they can mutually enhance their comprehensiveness and overcome their individual conceptual deficits. Therefore we closed a cycle of ecosystem service provision and societal feedback by rethinking and reassembling the core elements of both models. That way, we established a causal sequence apt to describe the causes of change to SES, their effects and their consequences. Finally, to illustrate its functioning we exemplified and discussed our approach based on a case study conducted in the Alpujarra de la Sierra in southern Spain.