Component regulation in novel La-Co-O-C composite catalyst for boosted redox reactions and enhanced thermal stability in methane combustion

A novel La-Co-O-C (LC-C) composites were prepared via a facile co-hydrothermal route with oxides and glycerol and further optimized for methane catalytic activity and thermal stability via component regulation. It was demonstrated that Co₃O₄ phase was the main component in regulation. The combined results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption of oxygen (O₂-TPD), temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia/carbon dioxide (NH₃/CO₂-TPD) revealed that component regulation led to more oxygen vacancies and exposure of surface Co²⁺, lower surface basicity and optimized acidity, which were beneficial for adsorption of active oxygen species and activation of methane molecules, resulting in the excellent catalytic oxidation performance. Especially, the (3.5)LC-C (3.5 is Co-to-La molar ratio) showed the optimum activity and the T₅₀ and T₉₀ (the temperature at which the CH₄ conversion rate was 50% and 90%, respectively) were 318 and 367°C, respectively. Using theoretical calculations and in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization, it was also found that the catalytic mechanism changes from the “Rideal-Eley” mechanism to the “Two-term” mechanism depending on the temperature windows in which the reaction takes place. Besides, the use of the “Flynn-Wall-Ozawa” model in thermoanalytical kinetics revealed that component regulation simultaneously optimized the decomposition activation energy, further expanding the application scope of carbon-containing composites.     

新冠疫情对我国NO2排放影响的时空分析

基于高分辨率的TROPOMI数据,分析了我国疫情爆发期的NO₂空间分布情况,同时对比了疫情同比期和环比期不同地区的变化情况.分析表明,全国范围内NO₂柱浓度的同比下降率和环比下降率分别为40.46%和50.09%,经济发达且人口稠密的城市群,排放量下降较为显著,其中江苏、河南、山东、浙江等NO₂历史排放较高的省份受疫情影响更大.湖北省疫情期的NO₂柱浓度绝对值(1.63×10¹⁵molec/cm²)在中东部省份属于最低位水平,同比和环比下降率也均在50%以上.相对来说,武汉、孝感等周边城市的影响远大于十堰、恩施等西部山区.地基国控站点的NO₂质量浓度也显示了与卫星观测较一致的空间分布和变化趋势,证明了采用“自上而下”的遥感手段,可以对不同区域的大气污染排放强度和社会经济活动水平进行快速评估.     

高浓度Cl-水样CODcr的测定

阐述了高浓度Cl-水样,以铬酸钾做指示剂,加入适量的硝酸银,形成AgCl沉淀,消除了Cl-的干扰,再用离心沉淀机充分沉淀,取上清液,用COD快速测定仪测定CODcr,有很高的准确度,符合测定要求.     

Ag/Al2O3催化剂用于碳氢化合物选择性还原NO

比较了富氧条件下CH4、C3H8、C3H6和C2H5OH分别用作还原剂时,NO在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上的还原活性.结果表明, CH4和C3H8还原NO的活性很低,而C3H6和C2H5OH能有效地还原NO.在此基础上,研究了H2O和SO2对C3H6和C2H5OH在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上还原NO活性的影响.结果表明,H2O的存在会降低低温区的NO还原活性,而且这种影响是可逆的.将H2O 和SO2同时加入反应混合气,引起NO还原活性较大幅度降低,结合程序升温脱附实验结果,认为可能是由于存在SO2时,Ag/Al2O3催化剂吸附NO的能力降低.     

两种方法监测近岸大气NOX浓度的比较

分别用常规法和离子色谱法对近岸海域大气ＮＯＸ 进行同步监测，并对两方法间的相关性和测定结果的换算进行了研究。结果表明： 两者呈极显著的正相关，相关系数达０－８３５（ｎ＝ ９） ，其测定结果是可换算的。为此，建立了采用离子色谱法测定气溶胶ＮＯ－３ 浓度预测近岸大气ＮＯＸ 浓度的方法。     

再燃脱硝的动力学模拟和组分影响分析

采用Gear算法模拟了再燃脱硝再燃区中化学反应过程，反应的热力学和动力学参数采用GRI3．0,模拟结果和实验结果作比较，说明该模拟可以用于预测再燃脱硝的基本过程。在模拟的基础上讨论了不同再燃燃料及其中的不同组分如HCN、NH3、H2和CO等对脱硝效果的影响。     

Fetal urinary insulin-like growth factor I and binding protein 3 in bilateral obstructive uropathies

Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 μmol/1 at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat ≤ μmol/1. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18 159 ± 9083 pg/ml; 2657 ± 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 ± 847 pg/ml; 176 ± 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 ± 6 pg/ml; 21 ± 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (>50 μmol/1). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.     

主次波长新分光光度法测定天然水硝酸盐

在硫酸介质中,邻苯氨基苯甲酸与硝酸盐(NO_3~-)生成紫红色络合物.本文依据悬浮颗粒对光的吸收性质研究利用该灵敏反应测定 NO_3~—N 新光度法——(?)次双波长法,通过对样品分析,可提高分析灵敏度和精密度,回收良好,且操作简单快速,计算曲线稳定,适合于测定地下水,湖水等天然水体 NO_3~-—N.     

GdFeO3上CO氧化的Redox机理动力学

ＧｄＦｅＯ３用柠檬酸络合制备。用ＸＲＤ测定ＧｄＦｅＯ３为钙钛矿结构。用ＣＯ还原脉冲及用Ｏ２再氧化脉冲证实在ＧｄＦｅＯ３上ＣＯ氧化为Ｒｅｄｏｘ机理。用外循环流动无梯度反应顺研究了ＣＯ氧化稳态动力学。用正交设计法估计动力学方程中的参数。还原催化剂再氧化为控制步骤。     

镧、铈对厌氧颗粒污泥产甲烷的Hormesis效应及其动力学研究

间歇培养条件下研究了单一稀土元素镧(La3 )和铈(Ce3 )在不同浓度水平下对厌氧颗粒污泥活性及其动力学行为的影响.结果表明,La3 和Ce3 对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性有促进作用的浓度范围均为0.01～0.1 mg·L-1,促进作用浓度峰值均为0.05mg·L-1,最大促进百分比分别为10.35%和20.79%;La3 和Ce3 对SMA(比甲烷活性)的半抑制浓度分别为5mg·L-1和1000mg·L-1,La3 较易对污泥产生抑制作用.米-门方程可以用来描述厌氧消化过程中甲烷发酵阶段的动力学行为,稀土元素La3 和Ce3 投加至反应系统后,提高了甲烷发酵过程的动力学常数Vmax和半饱和常数Ks.