SCR烟气脱硝技术及其在燃煤电厂的应用

SCR技术是目前国际上最成熟、应用最广泛的脱硝技术.介绍了SCR技术的脱硝原理,分析了SCR技术的各系统构成,对电厂加装SCR脱硝装置提出了几点建议.     

Cost effective environmental control technology for utilities

On September 24, 1998, new regulations announced by the US EPA require 22 eastern states plus the District of Columbia to develop state implementation plans to reduce ground-level ozone through the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions (Cooper, 1998). This plan calls for a 28% NOx cut in the summer time (1.2 million tons) by 2007. This calls for utilities to develop new, efficient, and robust post-combustion NOx control technologies. A new environmental control technology called low temperature oxidation (LTO) system, which can reduce NOx emissions below measurable levels (i.e. 2 ppm using process analyzers) at low temperature (125-325 °F), was awarded the best available control technology and the lowest available emission reduction technology by the US EPA in April 1998. Ozone is employed to oxidize nitric oxide (NO) to dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) at a low temperature in an oxidizer, which is then easily absorbed by water in a scrubber. Bench scale and pilot plant tests have shown that the LTO process can almost completely remove the NOx emissions (i.e. NOx emissions are below levels measurable using process analyzers). This proved that the LTO system is an attractive process to meet the stricter NOx regulations. There are multiple benefits of the LTO system besides removal of NOx emissions, includes reduction of SOx and CO emissions, and no secondary air emissions (NH₃, N₂O). In order to obtain minimum NOx emissions, extra ozone needs to be supplied. The cost of the process also increases nonlinearly as emissions decrease. This poses a challenging multiobjective optimization problem where emissions like NOx and SOx need to be minimized, while minimizing the system cost as well as extra ozone. This problem is addressed using a new and efficient multiobjective optimization framework. This framework will provide designs that are cost effective as well as environmentally friendly.     

天津市在用汽车遥感检测分析研究

遥测法是对在用车污染情况进行监督管理的高效、便捷的新技术,利用天津市遥测法对路上行驶的在用车的监测数据,分析了各项污染指标间的关系、同一辆车检测数据的重复性、对在用车的控制效果、不同控制方案下遥测法检测限值,并提出了遥测法检测数据的精度要求。     

Electrochemical NOx reduction and oxidation of HC and PM emissions from biodiesel fuelled diesel engines using electrochemically activated cell

NOx emission is produced during combustion of fuels at high temperature. Excessive release of NOx causes several effects on living organisms and environment. In this work, the efforts to reduce NOx emission by developing electrochemically activated cells (EACs) for a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel fuel are discussed. EAC technique is vital after treatment technology attempted in this work to simultaneous control of NOx, HC, and PM emissions. In this method, two types of EACs were developed. The CuO–YSZ electrolyte and CuO–YSZ electrolyte with BaO coating were developed and tested with diesel and biodiesel exhaust. Compared with diesel fuel, use of biodiesel fuel increased NOx emission by 11% and PM emission was slightly reduced with biodiesel, which was due to the presence of fuel bond oxygen content in biodiesel. The investigation has demonstrated low-temperature activation of the EACs at 250–350°C which was due to the addition of CuO to YSZ. In this work, maximum NOx reduction was achieved for CuO–YSZ cells with BaO NOx storage and the simultaneous control of HC and PM emission also was observed in this technique. NOx reduction by EAC is a vital technique and can be retrofitted with any diesel engine for emission reduction.     

武汉城区NOx污染特征及其变化趋势

武汉城区大气中NOx的污染,一日中以早晨最重,下午最轻;一年中,冬季的浓度比夏季高出37.7%.交通稠密区和商业集中区大气中的NOx年日均浓度分别比郊区高5倍和4.3倍.统计研究的结果表明,九年间特别是近六年来,武汉城区大气中NOx年日均值呈上升趋势.从1984年～1989年,大气中的NOx日均浓度平均每年以7%的速度递增,其超标率平均每年以0.8%的速度递增.     

陶瓷烧成中NOx生成及控制对策

通过对2种不同结构、不同烧成气氛的梭式窑的整个烧成过程中NOx生成进行测试分析，得出快速升温将增加整个陶瓷烧成过程中NOx的生成；其次，烧嘴的合理布置，改善窑体结构，加强高温阶段窑内温度场的均匀性。可以减少NOx的生成；第三，还原气氛可抑制NOx的生成；最后，提出降低陶瓷烧成中NOx生成的几点建议。     

燃油锅炉与燃煤锅炉大气污染物种类调查

为了解燃油锅炉和燃煤锅炉大气污染物种类及质量浓度的差别，对1999年南京市环境监测中心站燃油锅炉和燃煤锅炉的测试数据以及环保系统其他监测站燃油锅炉的测试数据进行了分析，并对2类锅炉的环境效益和经济效益进行了评价。指出，燃油锅炉与燃煤锅炉大气污染物种类基本相同；燃柴油锅炉排放的大气污染物质量浓度较低，对烟尘、SO2和CO污染有显著的消减，对NOx也有一定的消减。从环境效益和经济效益两方面分析，在城区内用燃柴油锅炉替代小型燃煤锅炉是可行的；对于大中型工业锅炉，燃料仍以煤炭为主，污染物的控制须从除尘、脱硫和脱硝等方面来实现。     

煤粉再燃的半工业炉试验

从系统NOx还原效果，主燃区，再燃区和燃尽区内NOx的分解几方面对煤粉再燃效果进行半工业炉试验研究。虽然主燃区NOx生成量与主燃区过量空气系数成正比，系统NOx还原率却在主燃区过量空气系数一1．10时呈现最大值；再燃区还原性气氛有利于NOx的还原，但富氧氛围也可以实现一定NOx分解，燃尽区内煤粉异相还原占主要地位。以基础工况和再燃工况下的锅炉尾部NOx排放量的差值来计算系统NOx还原率可以更好地体现锅炉系统的再燃脱硝能力。     

等离子体在大气污染控制中应用进展

等离子体具有较高的温度和大量活性粒子,因此能够加速化学反应速度,彻底分解污染物.本文综述了目前常用的一些等离子体技术在大气污染控制中的应用研究进展.     

采用分级配风燃烧器降低 NOx排放

二甲苯塔底再沸炉采用引进的分级配风燃烧器。对分级配风燃烧器的结构、性能及使用过程中存在的问题做了详细的分析。通过与国产化改进后喷嘴的性能比较，说明了改造是成功的，节约了设备采购费用和操作费用，烟气中NOx含量远低于要求的排放标准。