西安市城墙内公园土壤重金属含量水平及污染评价

以西安市城墙以内3个公园的表层土壤为研究对象,分析测定了其基本理化性质和其中代表性重金属Cu、Ni及Zn的总量与不同形态的含量,并分别采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗污染指数法对各公园土壤重金属污染进行了评价.结果显示:西安市城墙以内3个公园的表层土壤均呈碱性并含有较多有机质;3个公园表层土壤中Cu、Ni及Zn的平均含量分别...     

江门市区冬季地表热环境与土地覆盖类型关系的研究

应用美国陆地资源卫星Landsat ETM＋影像资料,反演了江门市区的地表温度（LST）,并提取研究区的NDVI、NDBI和MNDWI指数。分析了江门市区冬季LST的空间分布特征及城市地表热环境与土地覆盖类型之间的关系。结果表明：江门市区LST分布具有空间差异性,不同土地覆盖类型有较大差异,存在城市热岛效应;LST与3种归一化指数存在相关性,其中LST与NDVI存在非线性相关、与NDBI存在线性正相关、与MNDWI存在线性负相关。     

2013年1月南京北郊霾天气溶胶的光学特性

2013年1月南京出现了长时间、大范围和高浓度的灰霾. 利用三波长光声黑碳光度计(PASS-3)对南京北郊气溶胶的吸收和散射系数进行实时在线原位观测. 结果表明,霾天气溶胶吸收和散射系数平均值分别为(83.20±35.24) Mm^-1和(670.16±136.44) Mm^-1,分别为清洁天的3.85倍和3.45倍. 吸收和散射系数均呈现早晚高中午低的双峰型日变化特征,单散射反照率和散射埃系数平均值分别为(0.89±0.04)和(1.30±0.27),说明霾天气溶胶主要以细粒子中的散射性物质为主. 降雨对气溶胶有明显的清除作用. 地面风速与气溶胶吸收和散射呈负相关关系,与单散射反照率和埃系数呈正相关; 东南风时气溶胶散射系数最大,西南风时气溶胶吸收系数最大. 3次霾污染事件中,Haze 1主要受来自北部的老化污染气团影响,Haze 2主要受来自西南的生物质燃烧污染气团影响,而Haze 3主要由固定源污染引起.     

凤城市主要污染物总量减排对策

针对凤城市＂十二五＂主要污染物总量减排压力依然巨大,相关部门对总量减排工作认识不足,缺乏减排项目和技术支撑,政策和保障措施相对滞后的现状,提出对主要污染物总量采取工程减排、结构减排和管理减排的方式,同时提出了一些具体的减排措施。     

城市电网的环境影响与防治对策

根据目前国内城市电网建设的现状,对城市220 kV和110 kV输变电工程的环境影响进行分析,并结合输变电环境影响特点,提出相应的环境保护措施和对策,以解决城市电网建设中存在的问题.     

城市未来发展持续性评价决策支持系统构建和设计

城市作为一定区域内的政治、经济和文化教育等中心，具有明显的集聚能力和辐射带动作用，其可持续发展是区域及整个国家可持续发展的前提。开发和构建城市未来发展持续性评价决策支持系统（UFDADSS），对加强城市发展可持续性动态监测和科学评价、提高城市可持续发展战略规划及决策水平具有重要意义。本文主要根据城市可持续发展的系统性、多样性、空间性、动态性等特征，从体系结构、功能模块、集成方式等几个方面，对UFDADSS的构建和设计进行了初步探讨。     

City Environment Art and Sustainable Development

The development of everthing follows its own law, which does not change at people’s own sweet will. Therefore, we must study the development of things so as to grasp the essence of things in their deep meanings, explore the direction of their de- velopment, and make them better serve the people. As a part of the thought of sustainable development, city environment art will be of active significance to the perfection of the thought and will also be the concrete embodiment of the synthetic index of economic development. Such a thesis, starting from the macroscopic angle, and relying on the leading thought of sustainable development, takes hold of the development trend of city environment art, and explores the various problems that have arisen in city environment in the process of city management by combining thoughts on city planning, so as to guide urban harmonious development theoretically. The present paper expounds on the views comprehensively and, through the synthetic analysis on city planning, city environment, art esthetics and the thought of sustainable development, makes a detailed analysis of the effects of the present rapid city development on city environment.     

GIS for Environmental Assessment of the Impacts of Urban Encroachment on Rosetta Region, Egypt

Unplanned urban expansion of the new urban cluster of Rosetta City, Egypt is reaching a critical stage. This unplanned expansion of slum areas threatens the land on which the high quality palm trees, by which Rosetta region is known, are cultivated. This research is concerned with studying the manner, rate, extent and impact of the expansion of the urban cluster of Rosetta City. A multi-temporal analysis of mainly the limits of the built up urban areas and their surrounding land cover is the main evaluation technique. By using Geographic Information Systems, it was possible to study the geographic base of the concerned area. An increase in area of the urban clusters of about 0.1 km² occurred from 1917–1945, and a second increase of over 0.07 km² occurred from 1945–1963. Just after the end of the Second World War, an abrupt increase took place in 1963–1993 that reached 1.7 km². The majority of all the urban expansion was unplanned. By studying the topographic map of Rosetta city and the urban clusters on the western bank of the river Nile, it was found that most of the urban conglomeration of the city is located on relatively elevated land. The western part of the urban area is of an elevation varying around 5.0 m, and inclining with moderate slope towards the eastern edge of the city adjacent to the river Nile. The urban expansion on inclined land has caused severe problems with the sanitary drainage, as the city lacks any sanitary drainage systems. Sanitary drainage currently operates through precipitation trenches. Sanitary sewage gather beneath the ground forming continuos streams which reach the basements of many of the monuments present.     

唐山市灾害源分布、综合成灾模型及对策管理程序框图

本文对编制唐山市灾害源分布、综合成灾模型及对策管理程序的功能和总框图给予了简要说明,并结合唐山市各种灾害的情况阐述了该程序建立各部分的子框图的重要性和关键技术。     

南京地区农业耗水量估算与分析

结合南京地区的农业生产状况 ,采用Penman -Montieth法计算参考作物的潜在蒸散 ,建立了本地区农业耗水的物理模型 ,计算了南京地区历年的农业用水量 ,并根据实际资料对模型进行了检验 ,结果表明该模型具有较高的精度 ,能够反映农业用水的实际情况。在分析该地区历年农业用水量变化及其用水现状的基础上 ,对影响农业用水量的因素和该地区的农业用水效率进行了分析和计算。南京地区农业用水量的大小很大程度上取决于耕地面积和各类作物播种面积的变化 ,同时也受当年气候状况的影响。南京地区多年的农业用水效率计算结果表明 ,该地区的灌溉水利用率较低。最后对该地区的水资源可持续利用提出了相应的建议