Perceptions, preferences, and reactions of local inhabitants in Vikos-Aoos National Park, Greece

Local inhabitants' perceptions, preferences, and reactions were investigated in Vikos-Aoos National Park, 25 years after its designation. Knowledge of aims of the park and source of information about them, necessity for infrastructure, reactions to certain policies, and effectiveness of administration and management scheme were studied by means of a questionnaire survey. Personal interviews were performed by systematic sampling, which resulted in 203 cases for analysis. Most respondents said that they had knowledge of the aims of the national park, and this was positively associated with education; protection of flora and fauna was identified by most as the main aim, and the management authority (the Forest Service) ranked first in order as source of information. Tourism development of the area was seen as a positive change, and recreation facilities and improvement in accessibility were considered of high priority for development. The investigation into peoples' reactions to several possible alternative management policies revealed willingness to accept certain restrictions on their agricultural use of the land. A policy of nonintensive agriculture with compensation for loss of income, if the ecosystems of the park were in danger, seems the most acceptable. Long-term leasing of farms by the Forest Service was another policy with a high degree of acceptance, especially for certain occupational groups; those working in the secondary and tertiary sectors of economy would accept such a policy more easily than those working in the primary sector. Finally, a very large majority of the respondents expressed a preference for a new administration and management scheme with the participation of local communities in the decision-making process.     

可持续发展理念下的能源产业战略

介绍了可持续发展理念的形成过程,分析了目前国内外能源产业状况及存在的问题。结合中国发展的实际情况,提出了中国能源产业在可持续理念下的六大战略,即:(1)在发展模式上,要实现从计划经济向市场经济、从粗放型向集约型发展模式的两个根本性转变,实施科技战略;(2)在能源消费上,要立足中国实际,在能源结构调整的同时,实施煤、油、气等多能源并举的多样化战略;(3)在能源供给上,考虑到世界经济全球化的大背景,应当加大实施"走出去"的战略;(4)在能源生产上,要积极开发各种能源,尤其是对新能源的开发和利用,实施新能源战略;(5)在能源产业上,要做到开发与节约并举,积极开展节能活动,实施节能优先战略;(6)在全局发展上,结合中国经济发展的实J际情况,要实施能源安全战略。     

解决我国人口问题的探讨"两种生产"理论与可持续发展战略之比较

长期以来,在"两种生产"理论指导下,我国计划生育工作取得举世瞩目的成就.但"两种生产"理论的不足之处却随着经济社会的发展日益显露.可持续发展观则避免了这种不足.它不仅涵盖人口与经济的关系,而且要求在前者适应后者的同时必须考虑资源和环境的承受能力.最近中央提出的科学发展观更赋予可持续发展丰富而深刻的内涵.     

Adverse Effects on Alfeios River Basin and an Integrated Management Framework Based on Sustainability

The Alfeios River, the longest and highest flow-rate river in Peloponnisos, constitutes an important water resource and ecosystem in Greece. In the present study, human activities in the Alfeios River Basin are described, and their impacts on water quality and the ecosystem are analyzed; effects resulting from interventions on river geomorphology between Flokas Dam and the river delta are determined. These actions have caused significant adverse impacts on the infrastructure (the dam, railroad, and road bridges), the level of aquifer water table and area water uses, and the aquatic and riparian ecosystem. A general integrated management strategy is formulated and a master management plan is proposed for resolving management problems in river basins. The plan considers local conditions and national requirements and complies with the European Communities legislation; it would help prevent further basin deterioration, improve water quality, and protect water resources and ecosystems in the area in accordance to sustainable development. The Alfeios River Basin serves as a case study in the development of the plan.Published online Note: This version was published online in June 2005 with the cover date of August 2004.     

化工过程开发中本质安全化设计策略

本质安全化设计是预防人为失误及设备失效、降低化工过程风险应优先采用的技术。在比较传统设计方法与本质安全化设计方法的基础上,讨论了化工过程开发各阶段实现本质安全的机会,认为在开发初期,实施本质安全化的成本低,难度小;通过分析可行性研究、工艺研究、概念设计、基础设计、工程设计等阶段本质安全化设计的影响因素、设计目标和设计方法,探索化工过程开发中本质安全化设计策略,提出了化工过程本质安全化设计流程。通过工艺过程本质安全设计、工艺流程的简化和优化、不同设计方案的本质安全度评估等措施,可提高化工过程本质安全水平。     

安徽旅游地质资源及开发与保护建议

旅游地质资源是地质作用形成的特殊自然资源。在阐述旅游地质资源涵义的基础上，对安徽的旅游地质资源进行了初步分类和评述，并提出了安徽旅游地质资源的开发建议。     

减灾与可持续发展模式--从第二次世界减灾大会看中国减灾战略的调整

简要介绍了2005年1月17日-22日在日本神户召开的世界减灾大会的基本内容,并着重论述了当前国际减灾领域的重要进展和发展趋向,就减灾与可持续发展作了系统的论证,提出了我国减灾领域近期发展的主要方向.从世界减灾大会的各项议程和各类论坛可以看出,未来世界减灾的战略可以概括如下:加强减灾能力建设是促进区域可持续发展的核心任务,全面推进社区减灾体系的建设是实现未来10年减灾目标的关键任务;建立与灾害风险共存的经济与社会体系,必须把减灾与区域发展有机地整合起来,寻求除害与兴利并举的可持续发展模式,建设接受一定风险水平的安全社区体系;重视包括全球气候变化、经济全球化、世界城镇化等自然与人文过程引发或孕育的新的灾害风险;建立满足区域减灾目标需要的预警系统,加强减灾信息共享,充分利用现有的减灾资源.针对国际减灾发展趋向,提出了中国减灾战略调整的建议,即实施"区域减灾"、"综合减灾"、"科教减灾"、"提高区域减灾能力"和"加强减灾科技能力建设".     

环境保护形势与战略

经过长期努力,我国环境污染加剧趋势得到基本控制,部分地区和城市环境质量有所改善,但污染物排放总量依然很大,环境污染依然很严重,防治的任务仍很艰巨;生态保护工作得到加强,但生态恶化的趋势尚未有效遏制,部分地区生态破坏程度还在加剧;放射性污染存在风险;传统的环境问题尚未有效解决,新的环境问题又不断出现;全球环境问题压力不断加大.总之,我国环境保护工作取得很大成绩,但环境形势仍很严峻,而且随着经济高速发展,人民生活水平不断提高,环保工作压力越来越大.新世纪初我国环保总体战略为"总体控制,重点改善,严防灾害,保障安全".     

Possibilities and options for the Clean Development Mechanism and the Green Investment Scheme in Central and Eastern Europe: Macedonian and Romanian perspectives

Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is a rapidly changing and developing region which is making the transition to a market based economy. Along with economic reforms, the countries of the region are engaged in substantial environmental reforms, including climate change mitigation activities. Mitigation of, and adaptation to, the consequences of climate change are costly processes. It is therefore of great importance that the national and international mechanisms addressing these problems use methods both environmentally sound and economically efficient. Through two case studies that address the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Green Investment Scheme (GIS) in Romania, this paper explores challenges, related tasks and main problems in the establishment of mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol in Central and Eastern Europe.     

环境NGO对公众参与的促进行为

伴随着我国经济的持续高发展，环境形势日益严峻。整合和发挥环境非政府组织NGO（Non-Government Organization）以促进公众参与的巨大潜能，推动全民参与环境保护是实现可持续发展战略的根本途径。环境NGO为促进公众参与开展了多种形式的活动，尽管总体看来促进公众参与的行为层次比较低，然而以发展的眼光来看，其带来的变革将是深远的。全社会应该关注扶持环境NGO成长壮大，促使公众参与向更深层次推进。