WASTE LOADINGS FROM A FRESHWATER ATLANTIC SALMON FARM IN SCOTLAND1

ABSTRACT: Recent studies suggest that waste generation from the freshwater phase of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) production varies considerably on an annual basis. A fish farm on the West Coast of Scotland was visited regularly during a two-year period to determine inflow and outflow water quality. Waste output budgets of suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN = NH₃+NH₄⁺), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and total phosphorus (TP) were produced. The annual waste loadings obtained were 71 kg TN t fish^?1 yr^?1 (one year of data only), 10.9–11.1 kg TP t fish^?1 yr^?1, 1.2–2.1 kg DRP t fish^?1 yr^?1, 422–485 kg BOD₅ t fish^?1 yr^?1, 327–337 kg SS t fish^?1 yr^?1, and 30–35 kg TAN-N t fish^?1 yr^?1. Simple linear regression models relating waste parameter production to water temperature and feeding regime were developed. When compared to existing data for other salmonid production systems, greater ranges of daily waste loadings were observed. Wide variations in concentrations of these parameters during a daily cycle were also observed, suggesting that mass balance estimates of waste production will provide more robust estimates of waste output than frequent monitoring of outflow water quality.     

回转窑煅烧石油焦清洁生产方案研究

在回转窑煅烧石油焦的过程中,大量的高温烟气和比较严重的粉尘是污染环境的主要因素。文章以清洁生产理论为依据,综合论述了回转窑煅烧石油焦全过程,并对污染处理和资源、能源综合利用等方案进行了研究。在我国,比较成熟的清洁生产技术是采用余热回收蒸汽和袋式除尘技术。回转窑产能大,机械化程度较高,投资少,建设速度快,所产生的污染物易控制,维修费用低,换料容易,是大规模煅烧焦厂家应优先采用的石油焦煅烧设备。     

甘肃省农业生产风险因素分析

农业生产风险主要受耕地生产潜力、播种面积、抵御自然灾害的能力及政策保障能力等因素的影响。根据甘肃省粮食产量统计资料，在甘肃省粮食综合生产能力评价研究的基础上，讨论了各类风险因素对粮食生产和粮食安全的影响，提出加强农田水利建设，提高抵御自然灾害风险的能力应是提高全省粮食综合生产能力的重要策略。     

黑龙江省影响水稻安全生产的气象要素

在分析水稻安全生产条件的基础上，探讨了有关气象因素及灾害对水稻生长发育和产量的影响。重点分析了地区冷害的发生状况及干湿条件，在充分考虑黑龙江省地区气候特征、农业生产区域及品种熟性的基础上，确定了影响水稻安全生产的灾害和气象指标。利用多年气象资料，计算了黑龙江省各地的冷害发生机率及稻田干燥度指数等，通过指标对比分析，初步提出了黑龙江省水稻安全生产的区域划分，为水稻生产的防灾减灾提供了科学的气象依据。     

光气生产装置的危险性及事故统计分析

通过对光气、光气化生产工艺过程存在的危险性分析,笔者认为气相光气化工艺比液相光气化工艺危险性小,而固体光气化生产工艺与气、液相光气生产工艺相比,危险性更小。同时对国内外光气和光气化生产发生事故的原因进行分析探讨,指出事故的原因主要是由管道及设备缺陷、个体防护用品缺乏、设计缺陷及人为失误引起。采用固体光气替代光气参与各种有机合成,与液相或气相光气工艺相比具有安全、反应条件温和、易操作、工艺简便、反应计量准确等优点,因此,固体光气工艺发展前景广阔。     

氯碱工业三氯化氮控制技术研究

三氯化氮（NCl3）是液氯生产中的一种副产物,是生产和使用过程中能够引起爆炸危害的一种易爆物质.其安全监控与防治的重要,已被我国氯碱科技工作者认同而获得共识.尽管如此,我国氯碱工业生产中三氯化氮爆鸣、爆炸事故还在经常发生,安全隐患尚未得到彻底的解决,对生产设备造成了严重的破坏,并造成不同程度的人员伤亡和氯气泄漏事故,损失惨重,危害极大.因此就三氯化氮的性能、爆炸与危害,主要来源、预防措施与消除方法进行了较为详尽的阐述.     

浅谈林业安全分类管理与对策

论述了安全生产中出现的一些不安全现象和事故，采取有效的管理办法与对策，为林业经济建设服务。     

The Ethical Contract as a Tool in Organic Animal Husbandry

This article explores what an ethicfor organic animal husbandry might look like,departing from the assumption that organicfarming is substantially based in ecocentricethics. We argue that farm animals arenecessary functional partners in sustainableagroecosystems. This opens up additional waysto argue for their moral standing. We suggestan ethical contract to be used as acomplementary to the ecocentric framework. Weexpound the content of the contract and end bysuggesting how to apply this contract inpractice. The contract enjoins us to share thewealth created in the agroecosystem (by ourjoint contributions) by enjoining us to carefor the welfare and needs of the individualanimal, and to protect them from exploitation(just as human co-workers should not beexploited). The contract makes promoting goodanimal welfare a necessary condition forbenefiting farm animals. Animals for their partare guaranteed coverage under the contract solong as they continue to contribute to thesystem with products and services.     

林业生产经营单位安全管理创新的几点思考

分析了当前安全生产管理现状,对林业生产经营单位安全生产管理创新进行探讨,旨在进一步提高安全管理水平。     

选矿拜耳法氧化铝生产过程危害评价与对策

选矿拜耳法生产氧化铝是典型的冶金化工过程,涉及到了多种危险有害因素.本文通过对国内现役选矿拜耳法氧化铝生产装置进行调研,同时结合国内外其他涉及氧化铝生产厂家的情况,分析并指出了生产过程中可能出现的危险有害因素,进而提出了相应对策措施,可为企业消除事故隐患实现安全生产提供保障.