土壤含水层处理出水的回用健康风险评价

通过土壤柱实验,研究了土壤含水层处理工艺对污水处理厂二级处理出水的处理效果。初步讨论了土壤含水层处理工艺对各种污染物的去除机理,并评价了不同回用途径再生水对人体的健康风险。研究结果表明:土壤含水层处理工艺能够有效去除二级处理出水中的有机物和重金属离子,对大肠菌和粪大肠菌的去除率大于99.9%。健康风险评价结果显示:再生水的健康风险主要来自致癌物质,终生致癌风险在10-6数量级,而非致癌物质的健康危害风险在10-9数量级。     

基于原位试验场的融雪水补给地下水过程研究

基于原位试验场地,本研究通过对土壤含水率、温度和地下水位、温度、电导率的测量,分析了2017年2月～5月长春市融雪水补给地下水过程,并运用氢氧稳定同位素技术对补给过程进行证明。结果表明,当地大气降水线为δD=7. 53δ~(18)O-3. 41(R~2=0. 76)。在δD-δ~(18)O关系图中,地下水各水样点主要分布在当地大气降水线附近,说明地下水主要受融雪水补给。融雪水对地下水的主要补给时间为气温保持在0℃左右的20余天内,地下水位上升幅度能达到0. 6 m。在此阶段,地下水位与地下水温度和电导率具有显著相关性,相关系数均在0. 9以上。之后由于春季工农业用水增加,水位开始下降。在整个过程中,融雪水对地下水的贡献率为20. 1%。黄土地层的田间持水率约为39%。     

长江源多年冻土区地下水氢氧稳定同位素特征及其影响因素

基于长江源区冬克玛底流域2017年6～9月采集的84个地下水样品,分析了地下水稳定同位素特征及其影响因素,讨论了地下水的补给来源.结果表明,研究区多年冻土区地下水δ¹⁸O的变化范围为-15. 3‰～-12. 5‰,平均值为-14. 0‰;δD的变化范围为-108. 9‰～-91. 7‰,平均值为-100. 2‰,与当地大气降水相比,地下水较为富集重同位素;地下水线(LG)的斜率和截距均低于全球和局地大气降水线(GMWL和LMWL),表明地下水在接受降水的补给后经历了不同程度的蒸发作用;地下水氘盈余(d-excess)变化范围为4. 9‰～25. 0‰,平均值为11. 6‰,低于大气降水平均氘盈余值;地下水同位素与降水量存在显著的负相关关系,表明大气降水对地下水具有重要的补给作用;不同时期影响地下水同位素的组成和变化因素有所不同,在冻土的冻融前期(气温上升阶段),由于冻土活动层较薄,地下水受气温影响显著.虽然后期气温降低,但冻土活动层厚度依然在增加,此时地下水在土壤中滞留的时间的增加是地下水同位素富集的一个重要因素.结合流域的地形特点、地下水同位素特征及其影响因素,...     

重大工业事故与预警网络的研究

简要介绍并分析了近１０多年发生的一些重大工业事故，讨论了它们的主要表征。重 点分析了危险物质泄漏的影响因素。进而阐述了监控重要危险源的系统结构和各分系统的组成以 及厂区和周围社区、预警与应急一体的网络。     

Syrphids as landscape bioindicators in Italian agroecosystems

The aim of the work was to study the syrphid fauna in rural landscapes and to evaluate the quality of environment by means of the faunistic data collected. Sampling was carried out by Malaise traps and yellow sticky traps, baited with different kinds of glue. Malaise traps proved to be the most efficient monitoring system. Despite the greater efficiency, the Malaise trap failed to collect some species and in a few cases the number of species collected only by yellow trap was high. Among the three categories of landscape complexity, classified by measuring the linear development of hedgerows around the sites, the highest number of species was recorded in sites belonging to “high” complexity. In spite of this general trend, the landscape-complexity criterion showed some contradictory results, because “low” complexity habitats had higher numbers of species than “intermediate” ones. Among vegetation types, “hedgerow and abundant grass and flower strips” collected the most species. A standard method for Syrphidae, that calculates a “biodiversity maintenance function”, Syrph the Net, was used to evaluate sites.     

遥测网络系统的抗干扰与设计

讨论了遥测网络系统的原理与设计；介绍了以可编程序控制器（ＰＬＣ）为核心的城市大气质量遥测系统的抗干扰问题；分析了网络系统的实现方法。     

Biophysical energy analyses of non-market values of the Ebro Delta

Non-market values were estimated with energy analysis under four land cover scenarios in the Ebro Delta, Spain. The market value of agriculture, the primary use value, is compared. Conversion of the natural landscape to agricultural fields has resulted in a drop in total annual non-market value from $721 million in the pristine scenario to $11 million in the present scenario. The market value of the agricultural crops has risen over time, from $10 million to almost $52 million, contributing the major portion of the total value of the Delta. However, the rate of return has decreased from the pristine to the present delta, indicating that more energy is required to produce a smaller output. Energy analyses reveal that one form of value—non-market value—is being traded for another—market value.     

Analysis of leakage in carbon sequestration projects in forestry: a case study of upper magat watershed,Philippines

The role of forestry projects in carbon conservation and sequestration is receiving much attention because of their role in the mitigation of climate change. The main objective of the study is to analyze the potential of the Upper Magat Watershed for a carbon sequestration project. The three main development components of the project are forest conservation: tree plantations, and agroforestry farm development. At Year 30, the watershed can attain a net carbon benefit of 19.5 M tC at a cost of US$ 34.5 M. The potential leakage of the project is estimated using historical experience in technology adoption in watershed areas in the Philippines and a high adoption rate. Two leakage scenarios were used: baseline and project leakage scenarios. Most of the leakage occurs in the first 10 years of the project as displacement of livelihood occurs during this time. The carbon lost via leakage is estimated to be 3.7 M tC in the historical adoption scenario, and 8.1 M tC under the enhanced adoption scenario.     

再生水无计划间接补充饮用水的雌激素健康风险

以城市污水为水源的再生水中含有一定量的雌激素类内分泌干扰物,其在无计划间接补充饮用水过程中存在潜在健康风险.针对再生水经河流补给湖库型水源地的典型场景,研究了再生水中雌酮、雌二醇、17α-乙炔基雌二醇、双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚在水体中的变化规律,评价了雌激素的健康风险.结果表明,再生水(二级出水)中雌激素类物质的质量浓度多分布在0.1~100 ng·L-1水平;双酚A和壬基酚的浓度较高,可达到1~10μg·L-1水平.再生水间接补充饮用水过程中,雌激素的浓度受到上游来水稀释、河道湖库自然降解和饮用水处理工艺去除等作用的影响.雌酮、雌二醇、双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的非致癌风险较小,都低于规定值1.当湖库型水源地的水力停留时间大于30 d时,再生水中17α-乙炔基雌二醇对人体的非致癌风险值大多小于1;当停留时间小于10 d且再生水占饮用水比例达50%以上时,16%~47%样品的17α-乙炔基雌二醇的非致癌风险值大于1,其健康风险需优先关注.